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The Grange was a trade and social association of farmers whose cohesion was modeled on the fraternity of Masonry, as indicated by this symbol-rich promotional poster. Its genesis came in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, when Secretary of…

A letter to the editor of The Genesee Farmer claimed that the "drudgery and discomfort to which farmers’ wives and daughters are subjected" was even greater than the wives of laborers and mechanics. This was because farm women were responsible for…