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                <text>T.S. Baldwin's "Practical Telephone Hand Book" was one of many introducing the new technology to Americans</text>
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                <text>In order to handle increasing numbers of telephone calls, switchboards like this model from the 1880s employed operators to make connections between the parties. (Click on the image for diagrams illustrating the difference between single-line wires and a switched circuit.)</text>
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                <text>J[oseph] Poole, "Practical Telephone Handbook and Guide to the Telephone Exchange" (London: Whittaker, 1891), p. 148</text>
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                <text>Cover artwork shows allegorical woman holding a standard identifying her as "XXth Century". She has an electric light bulb atop her head and stands on a winged wheel, representing Progress. Around her are examples of modern technology and invention, including a typewriter, telegraph key, electric streetcar, dynamo, engine, telephone, sewing machine, camera, printing press, locomotive, and "horseless carriage" type automobile.</text>
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                <text>For a Carefree Vacation, Keep in Touch by Telephone</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/em&gt; 5 Aug 1940: 56&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;New York Daily News&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;13 Aug 1940: 73&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;New York Daily News&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;19 Aug 1940: 175</text>
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                <text>During the 1920s-30s, telephone service developed from a luxury facilitated by telephone operators, to a self-dialed consumer necessity. Or so the phone companies suggested. This series of three advertisements from 1940 envisions humorously disastrous fears as to what's happening back home, when an individual is on vacation. The New York Telephone Company lists several vacation spots from which to check up on a slumming husband or malingering employees. Using inflation-adjusted figures, however, a 3-minute phone call from Lake Placied to New York--on an evening or weekend--translates into more than $15.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The illustrations are of interest because they were created by Federal Art Project painter Stephen R. Ronay, whose work &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/2096" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The Life Boat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is held by the New Deal Gallery in Mount Morris, NY. While that work is more serious in tone, it shares with much of Ronay's output from this period an interest in vibrant, chaotic scenes involving many people and actions--somewhat in the manner of William Hogarth.</text>
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