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It’s possible that the flowers depicted in this still life are wild mountain lilies (Lilium auratum), also called the golden-rayed lily of Japan. Whatever the case, flowers’ size and colorful radials draw our attention inward—which is similar in effect to a conch shell pictured on the same table. Warm peach colors are played against complementary greens and blues.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in Syracuse, NY, Bowler attended the Syracuse University College of Fine Arts and there received a postgraduate award for study in Paris. He was best known for painting official portraits of prominent political, military, and theatrical figures such as dancers Ruth St. Denis and Michel Fokine; humorist Will Rogers, actor Vincent Price, and explorer/author Richard Halliburton. Bowler also traveled to Washington, D.C. to paint portraits of Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Vice President John Nance Garner, among others. But Bowler also was passionate about landscapes and still lifes. A 1940 newspaper article implies that his two works at NDG were part of “a series of flower paintings done for all the tuberculosis hospitals in New York” (Allentown, PA <em>Morning Call</em> 31 Mar. 1940: 16). During World War II, Bowler served as Director of Design for a camouflage section of the 909<sup>th</sup> Air Force Engineers, organizing a 1943 show of their work at Macy’s Department store. It was after a 32-mile training hike that he painted a well-known image entitled <a href="https://bucksco.michenerartmuseum.org/bucksartists/image/67/">“After the Hike”</a>—a picture of his worn pair of army shoes—that was exhibited in the Library of Congress. Bowler also served as director of an arts program for the American Red Cross and as a USO portrait artist during the war (<em>Syracuse Herald-Journal</em> 23 July 1965: 14). After 1945 Bowler continued to live and work in Bucks County, PA. A critic attending the Philips’ Mill Art Exhibition wrote that he had “all the majesty and power of great people who see great movements and think great things. A realist, his ‘Little Red Barn’ is characterized by a sensitive brush, a direct approach, rich colors and mellow overtones and an uninhibited technique — all contributing to the aching loveliness of this farm scene” (<em>Muhlenberg Weekly </em>14 Oct. 1948: 2). In addition to producing many paintings, Bowler was an art teacher for much of his professional life. 1 work at <a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/harold-bowler-536">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>. 3 works at <a href="https://bucksco.michenerartmuseum.org/bucksartists/artist/35/https:/bucksco.michenerartmuseum.org/bucksartists/artist/35/">Michener Art Museum</a>. 2 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-3-folder-19">FAP</a>.
Bowler, Harold T., 1903-1965
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In a darkened room, light dramatically illuminates an arrangement of flowers and dried oak leaves in a simple white vase. The leaf shapes and Sharp’s brushwork create a flamelike appearance, albeit in a more muted color palette—even the bouquet’s shadow rises sinuously upward. Highlights upon the background imply that everything here is possessed of an aura.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in Galesburg, IL, Sharp grew up in Eldon, IA and showed a talent for art at an early age, matriculating at the University of Iowa in 1928. While a student he met curator Edward Rowan and painter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Wood" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Grant Wood</a>, both of whom would become important figures in the regional art movement, co-founding the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_City_Art_Colony" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stone City Art Colony</a>. At age nineteen, taking Wood on a driving tour of Eldon, Sharp showed him the house that would figure in the iconic painting <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Gothic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Gothic</a></em>. Sharp studied at the Stone City colony for a short period before relocating to New York, where he attended the Art Students League and the National Academy of Design. It was during this period in the early 1930s that Sharp met his lifelong partner, the painter <a href="http://www.askart.com/artist/Paul_Crosthwaite/121992/Paul_Crosthwaite.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Paul Crosthwaite</a>. The two relocated to an established art scene in Buck’s County, PA. Besides his work in the WPA easel division, Sharp was chosen to create three murals for post offices in Iowa: <a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/post-office-mural-bloomfield-ia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Autumn”</a> (1940), in Bloomfield; <a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/post-office-mural-rockwell-city-ia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Summer”</a> (1941), in Rockwell City; <a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/hawarden-post-office-mural-hawarden-ia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Winter”</a> (1942), in Haywarden. While all show the regionalist influence of Wood, Sharp also had a distinctive sense of humor. His painting <a href="https://bucksco.michenerartmuseum.org/bucksartists/image/645/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“We All Hang Together”</a> mashes up domestic folk art and a Benjamin Franklin epigram; his landscape painting at the NDG features what appears to be a herd of cows but actually is dinosaurs. Still, his taste for surreality did not stand in the way of commercial success. Sharp was called “a skillful factualist who loves the textures of barns, flowers, leaves, shells, and old roots” (Benson). He was commissioned to render portraits of New York theater actors; his paintings were chosen for a traveling Hallmark Art Award exhibition (1951) and appeared on the cover of <em>Colliers </em>magazine (“P.O. Mural”). Sharp and Crosthwaite moved to Florida full-time by the mid-1950s, continuing their work while instructing younger artists. 3 works at <a href="https://www.pafa.org/collection-artists/john-sharp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a>. 3 <a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/artists/john-sharp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">post office murals</a> for the Treasury Section of Fine Arts. 1 work at <a href="https://chrysler.emuseum.com/objects/37648/untitled?ctx=ab112bf1-8a18-4eee-ad47-7ee4aee14dd0&idx=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chrysler Museum of Art</a>. 1 work at <a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/john-o-robert-sharp-4393" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>. 2 works at the <a href="https://bucksco.michenerartmuseum.org/bucksartists/artist/243/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Michener Art Museum</a>. 5 images at <a href="https://projects.mtmercy.edu/stonecity/otherartists/sharp.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stone City Art Colony</a>. 6 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-21-folder-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Works Consulted</span>: Gertrude Benson, “Dynamic Oils and Sculpture at Academy,” <em>Philadelphia Inquirer</em> 25 Jan. 1953: 17; “P.O. Mural is Hung Tuesday,” <em>Haywarden Independent</em> 28 May 1942: 1; Kristy Raine, <em>et al.</em>, <a href="“John%20Sharp,”">“John Sharp,”</a> <em>Stone City Art Colony and School</em>, web.</p>
Sharp, John, 1911-1966
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A white vase, holding what appears to be baby’s breath and several varieties of marigolds, sits upon a table. Its blaze of yellow, orange, and red overwhelms muted pinks and mauves of the table covering and wallpaper. Rollo accentuates this emphasis through his extemporaneous patterning of the wallpaper, a casual backdrop to the painting’s more detailed flowers. Note: this digital image comes from a photograph taken during the 1990s; the painting has disappeared from the New Deal Gallery.<br /><br />Born Giuseppe Rollo in Ragusa, Italy, he immigrated with his family to the US in 1913 and lived in Chicago (the spelling of his name possibly dating to this time so as to differentiate him from a well-known boxer living in the city). He worked as a newsroom copy boy while studying at the Art Institute of Chicago, then moved to New York in the late 1920s. His work was exhibited in places like the Whitney Museum, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, and at different venues in Woodstock, NY. Based upon extant works, Rollo appears to have moved easily between landscape, still life, and portrait genres. In 1934 the PWAP commissioned him to paint the portrait of Chicago mayor Edward Joseph Kelly (<em>Chicago Tribune </em>15 Jan. 1934: 4). 3 works at the <a href="https://whitney.org/artists/1112" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>. 3 works at the <a href="https://collections.hvvacc.org/digital/collection/waam/search/searchterm/Rollo%2C%20Joseph/field/creatb/mode/exact/conn/and" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woodstock Artists Association & Museum</a>. 1 work at the <a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.34262.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Gallery of Art</a>. 1 work at <a href="https://www.dia.org/art/collection?keys=rollo&keyword=&start=&end=&sort_bef_combine=search_api_aggregation_6+ASC&Submit+Collection+Search=Search+Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Detroit Institute of the Arts</a>. 2 works at the <a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?q=%22joseph%20rollo%22&perPage=20&searchField=All&sortBy=relevance&offset=0&pageSize=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. 4 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-19-folder-30" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.
Rollo, Joseph “Jo”, 1904-2001
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The range of bric-a-brac depicted here is quite broad: a blue glass bottle, a painted ceramic plate, a napkin and cloth, a pair of blue shoes, a flower, a magazine, and what appears to be an avocado. Attempting to chart an underlying symbolism, in the manner of traditional still lifes, is perhaps less important than its Mexican location. Assembled with seeming informality, each object has an American counterpart that would be less unfamiliar.<br />
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in New York City, Winograd’s parents Sigmund and Sadie Winograd both were immigrants—from Poland and Russia, respectively. Their daughter seems to have been born an artist. She was first recognized at the age of 10, winning a gold medal in the Wanamaker competition for an oil painting of a New York City street scene. Winograd attended the Art Students League of New York, where were she was taught by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bridgman" target="_blank" rel="noopener">George Bridgman</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_P%C3%A8ne_du_Bois" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guy Pène du Bois</a>. She pursued further education at the National Academy of Design and City College of New York after graduation, becoming an art teacher in the New York City Public Schools. During the 1930s Winograd worked in the WPA Easel divsion and, throughout World War II, in the USO’s Hospital Sketching Program: she drew portraits of wounded soldiers recovering in military hospitals. In 1951 Winograd married physicist Felix E. Geigner, who had worked on the Manhattan Project and would go on to research for NASA's Mercury and Apollo projects. Winograd later earned her BFA and MFA from the George Washington University. According to her family she spent the last 25 years of her life “chang[ing] the paradigm of aging” by challanging the stereotype of the elderly’s inablity to be active in different forms. Winograd died peacefully in her sleep at the age of one hundred.</p>
<p><u>Source Consulted</u>: <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/140709616/helen-geiger" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Helen Winograd Geiger,”</a> Ancestry.com. U.S. Cemetery and Funeral Home Collection [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2011.</p>
Winograd, Helen, 1910-2010
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Winograd uses a post-impressionist framework to depict household objects and the geometry of their surrounding space. Shapes are disrupted by vertical lines (like the pears and pitchers) or become radically abstracted (like green leaves as diagonals). The painting’s vivid colors and casual domesticity keep it from appearing clinical; rather, like the title of a magazine partially visible at lower left, it manifests the “Art” of everyday vision.<br />
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in New York City, Winograd’s parents Sigmund and Sadie Winograd both were immigrants—from Poland and Russia, respectively. Their daughter seems to have been born an artist. She was first recognized at the age of 10, winning a gold medal in the Wanamaker competition for an oil painting of a New York City street scene. Winograd attended the Art Students League of New York, where were she was taught by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bridgman" target="_blank" rel="noopener">George Bridgman</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_P%C3%A8ne_du_Bois" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guy Pène du Bois</a>. She pursued further education at the National Academy of Design and City College of New York after graduation, becoming an art teacher in the New York City Public Schools. During the 1930s Winograd worked in the WPA Easel divsion and, throughout World War II, in the USO’s Hospital Sketching Program: she drew portraits of wounded soldiers recovering in military hospitals. In 1951 Winograd married physicist Felix E. Geigner, who had worked on the Manhattan Project and would go on to research for NASA's Mercury and Apollo projects. Winograd later earned her BFA and MFA from the George Washington University. According to her family she spent the last 25 years of her life “chang[ing] the paradigm of aging” by challanging the stereotype of the elderly’s inablity to be active in different forms. Winograd died peacefully in her sleep at the age of one hundred.</p>
<p><u>Source Consulted</u>: <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/140709616/helen-geiger" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Helen Winograd Geiger,”</a> Ancestry.com. U.S. Cemetery and Funeral Home Collection [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2011.</p>
Winograd, Helen, 1910-2010
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This dramatic still life is created using bold brush strokes and skillful blending, combined with high-contrast lighting. Two vases—one of gladiolus, the other filled with yellow roses—sit upon a small table near a brick wall and arched window. A stem without a rose blossom lies alone, enigmatically.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in St. Petersburg, Russia, Kadulin attended art schools in Moscow and Kiev, then turned to a career as a cartoonist for one of Petrograd’s leading newspapers. Postcard versions of his cartoons became very popular. His work seems to have been a mix of political and social satire—for example a “drunken series” or “student types”—and it seems likely that his irreverent sense of humor is what led him to flee the Soviet Union. At this point information becomes scarce. In 1924, five of Kadulin’s caricatures appeared in a <em>New York Times</em> story on <a href="https://nyti.ms/2S6b0ih" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Festivals and Parades in Russia”</a>; lacerating images of (for example) a “Red Army Soldier in Full Regalia,” bottles of alcohol in each hand, suggest that he was deeply critical of the new regime. There is record of Kadulin being hired in 1926 by a new Tampa restaurant named Katinka to create interior and exterior wall murals using his talent for caricature. It’s quite possible that he lived in Tampa for a period: he traveled to Florida by way of Cuba in 1930, was married in Havana 1931, then traveled again to Florida 1932. Kadulin became a US citizen in 1938. As of 1942 he was living in New York City, then in New Rochelle as a commercial artist. 42 caricatures at <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caricatures_by_Vladimir_Kadulin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia</a>. 5 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-12-folder-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.
<p> </p>
Sources consulted: Anna Louise Strong, “Festivals and Parades in Russia,” <em>New York Times</em> 26 Oct. 1924: 132.
Kadulin, Vladimir Fedorovich, 1884-1957
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<p>The objects in this still life are candidly imperfect: all the bananas have spots; the apples are mottled or appear to have bruises. Still, their colors are vibrant and the table is replete. More of Kallem’s attention has been devoted to less-than-perfect reflections, in ghostly shades upon a table or in the copper jug. Reflected in the jug, it appears that we see the painter in silhouette, with light coming in from a window over his right shoulder.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in Philadelphia to immigrant parents, Kallem learned to paint from his father Morris, a portraitist (his brother was the sculptor <a href="http://www.terenchin.com/2015/12/16/herbert-kallem-1909-1994/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Herbert Kallem</a>). He studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. At some point during the 1920s the family moved to New York where Henry set up and likely lived in a studio. He became friends with modernist artists who have come to be called the “28th Street” group because they gathered at the Henry and David Rothman Frame Shop at that location. Like many other artists, Kallem’s subject matter during the Great Depression became more explicitly political; his paintings included “The Sweatshop,” “Subway Construction,” and “Mill Town”—the latter appearing in a 1939 show at the Federal Art Gallery with NDG artists Harold Baumbach, Bena Frank, and James Guy. Starting in 1938 he was part of a five-person group that called themselves the “New York Realists”: Kallem, Max Frankel, Herbert Kallem, <a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/morris-neuwirth-3522" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Morris Neuwirth</a>, and <a href="https://thejewishmuseum.org/collection/artist/morris-shulman-american-1912-1978" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Morris Shulman</a>. He also joined a working group of artists encouraging closer cooperation with the American Labor Party. During World War II Kallem worked as an aircraft factory toolmaker, then returned to painting. In a nationwide 1947 competition, his <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0YEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA103&dq=country+tennement+henry+kallem&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhzuSi_tXcAhUFmVkKHcTiBlIQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=country%20tennement%20henry%20kallem&f=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Country Tenement”</a> was awarded first prize and prompted controversy due to this mainstreaming of abstract art. The controversy also may have been due to its gritty content, for Kallem said, “My idea was to show how I felt upon seeing this scene one evening in the country—all the people crowded into one building with all that space around”(“Prize”). His postwar work moved in the direction of formal abstraction and landscapes, the two not necessarily separate. In 1955, a review called his paintings “subtle, quiet affairs, in which he achieves movement and depth through relationships of graded tones and colors. The approach seems free and easy, but there is a lot more to his work than first meets the eye” (Driscoll). 2 works at <a href="http://collections.portlandmuseum.org/4DACTION/HANDLECGI/CTN3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Portland Museum of Art</a>. 3 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-12-folder-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Sources Consulted</span>: Edgar Driscoll, Jr., “Copley Society Presents Pleasing Members’ Show,” <em>Boston Globe </em>9 Jan. 1955: 39; “Prize Art Satirizes the Housing Shortage,” <em>New York Evening Post </em>30 Sept. 1945: 5</p>
Kallem, Henry, 1912-1985
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The focus of the still life painting is a vase of multicolored peonies. Spector shows skillful creation of the 3D geometric forms of the flower petals and vase, with a light source coming from the bottom right. The background is unusual in its abstraction, it suggests the idea of a corner of a room. It uses the same color palette as the flowers, with thin paint and visible brush strokes. <br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: <span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Little is known about George Spector. He was a Russian immigrant to the United States and lived in the New York City area. Between 1913 and 1914 he got a diploma from the Cooper Union Night School of Art and received recognition for the category “Drawing from Life.” Given Spector's grasp of detail and three dimensional modeling, it seems possible that he had formal art training prior to the Cooper Union. He exhibited at the Salons of America in 1926 and 1927. 2 works at the <a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.8083.html?artobj_artistId=8083&sortOrder=CHRONOLOGICAL&pageNumber=1&lastFacet=sortOrder" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index of American Design</a>. 7 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-21-folder-35" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.
Spector, George
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This complex still life plays with how the natural world makes its way into artistic forms and representation. A grouping of fruit at upper left is echoed in the fabric’s shapes at lower right, as with the bell pepper’s distinctive shape. A pear at middle right is easy to overlook because its colors blend in. Meanwhile, a ceramic teapot is painted with its own colors and floral designs (referenced in another fabric). There are three distinct pieces of cloth, whose patterns multiply by reversal and draping. In the background is either a painting of sky upon the wall, or Kovner’s painted sky for this composition.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">About the Artist</span>: Born in Rogachov, Russia, Kovner—who painted under the name “Saul”—immigrated with his parents in either in 1911 or 1912 to New York. He studied there at the National Academy of Design with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Webster_Hawthorne" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Charles Hawthorne</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Auerbach-Levy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">William Auerbach-Levy</a>. Kovner then set up a studio near Central Park, whose gregarious crowds seem to have influenced many of his works, regardless of their unflinching looks at poverty. In 1935, Kovner was one of three WPA artists assisting James Michael Newell on <a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/evander-childs-high-school-mural-bronx-ny/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Evolution of Western Civilization</em></a>—a massive, 12-panel fresco at Evander Childs High School in the Bronx. Kovner moved to Burbank, CA in the late 1940s and remained there until his death. 6 works at <a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/saul-kovner-2702" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>. 1 work at the <a href="https://www.dia.org/art/collection?keys=kovner&keyword=&start=&end=&sort_bef_combine=search_api_aggregation_6+ASC&Submit+Collection+Search=Search+Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>. 1 work at <a href="http://collection.whitney.org/object/4903" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>. 3 works at <a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection-search-result.html?artist=Kovner%2C%20Saul" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Gallery of Art</a>. 1 work at the <a href="https://gallery.newarkmuseum.org/media/view/Objects/3073519/595685?t:state:flow=6f524d60-9569-439c-b346-e757c9208e43" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Newark Museum</a>. 1 work at <a href="https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/3676" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Princeton University Art Museum</a>. 4 more images at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-13-folder-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a>.
Kovner, Saul, 1904-1982
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Cooper, Ken (biography)';
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var str = 'Still image';
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var str = '099';
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Against a backdrop of muted, almost murky tones in brown, green, and tan, we see a still life of flowers in an earthenware jar along with various fruits. Their colors likewise are subdued; golds, reds, and oranges are illuminated by autumnal light in this pensive composition.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br />About the Artist</span>: We haven’t been able to locate much reliable information about this artist. Born Sneier Zemachson in Sulwalki, Lithuania, he immigrated to Toledo, OH in 1910 and became a US citizen around 1939. He was the son of respected liturgical composer Simon Zemachson, and his brother Arnold became one in his own right while living in America; Samuel later became a caretaker and editor of their work. He studied at the National Academy of design and was awarded a prize for his still lifes in 1925. His “Still Life” was purchased by the city of Albany, NY in 1936 through the Federal Art Program. For an unexplained reason, there is 1 more image at <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-24-folder-40" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAP</a> in the name of his son Paul—who at that time was less than a year old.
Zemachson, Samuel, 1902-1987
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var str = 'New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts
Object #FA18375';
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var str = '1937-04-27';
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