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                <text>Library of Congress Geography and Map Division &lt;a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3804s.pm006332"&gt;http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3804s.pm006332&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Named after the miller Theophilus Short, this small village of perhaps 800 seems to have been using this map in an aspirational way: by visualizing itself as a place to which more businesses and people would locate. The main appeal was its situation alongside Flint Creek--outlet for Canandaigua Lake--and the water power that delivered for manufacturing. The map shows a wheel works, drill factory, paper mill, planing mill. A branch of the New York Central &amp; Hudson River Rail Road also passes through town. The panorama is looking roughly southwest.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Subtitle of this bird's eye view of southern tier town makes clear the importance of rail lines to its economic viability: "Junction of the New York, Lake Erie, and Western and the Syracuse, Geneva &amp; Corning R.R.'s." The yards of those railroads are depicted at the far left and right of the panorama; between them, the town of nearly 5,000 (in 1880) shows manufacturing along the river, retail and residential streets, then highest up the hill a few remaining farms and forest.&#13;
&#13;
Also typical of the genre are the sixteen individual portraits bordering the bird's eye view--probably drawn for an additional charge or the promise of buying copies of the lithograph in bulk. At upper left, the Corning Glass Works already occupies a prominent place in the town's identity.&#13;
&#13;
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Beck &amp; Pauli</text>
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                <text>Bird's eye view looking northwest shows the rapidly growing town of 3,200 located along Oatka Creek. Founded in 1803 from the Holland Purchase tract, agriculture followed the clearing of timber and by the later 19th century the town's economy was a mix of farming, milling, manufactures, and (most recently) salt mining. Burleigh uses great ingenuity to depict five different salt mines on his panorama, located along the two main railroads passing through Warsaw.&#13;
&#13;
Also notable are the town's three different different newspapers, an early gas works (founded in 1859), and a large union free school. </text>
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                <text>Birds-eye view maps were very popular during the last two decades of the 19th century. This high-end version almost certainly owes its existence to the popularity of the Chautauqua Institution, founded in 1874 and pictured in the lower left foreground. The costs of creating and printing such documents presupposed investment by local merchants, buyers willing to purchase them, or both. In this pre-air-conditioned era lake resorts like those on Lake Chautaqua were popular destinations; we see railways and steamboats conveying visitors from many points of origin.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Retrieved from the Library of Congress, &lt;a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2003671709" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&amp;lt;www.loc.gov/item/2003671709/&amp;gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Promotional brochure from the motor age--"There is no Automobile Road Through the Gorge"--was created by an electric railway company started in the early 1890s. Capt. John M. Brinker, a Buffalo businessman, had the perseverance to capitalize a tourist line running between the towns of Niagara Falls and Lewiston, running down through the gorge alongside the Niagara River. Despite considerable engineering difficulties, the line proved popular; tourists would ride in open-sided cars beholding the river's sublime power. A tourist rail line along the Canadian rim had been constructed in 1892, and the two companies were combined in 1902 resulting in the circular route show here. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the gorge's geology, namely a type of shale prone to erosion and rockfall, eventually doomed the railroad. There were fatal tourist accidents in 1907, 1915, and 1917; landslides destroyed portions of the rail lines and rendered it unprofitable. The company dissolved in 1935, but traces of the gorge railway still are visible today. Source consulted: &lt;a href="https://www.amusingplanet.com/2018/06/the-niagara-gorge-railroad.html"&gt;"The Niagara Gorge Railroad,"&lt;/a&gt; Amusing Planet.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.powerlibrary.org/cdm/ref/collection/pulpl-uh/id/106"&gt;Courtesy of Ulysses Library Association&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lead image of a detailed article on the best ways to lay out a farm renders a bird's eye view of a house, barn and outbuildings, fruit orchard, flower garden, penned livestock, and a field under cultivation. In the foreground a horse and wagon pass by this orderly operation. Probably written for more affluent farmers, the article nevertheless becomes more granular in its advice than this simplified illustration. For example, even this pictorial view is informed by the principles of fields being relatively similar in size (for crop rotation), of keeping the fields nearly square (to minimize fencing), and creating a central farm road to access all of the fields.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15858">
                <text>Luther Tucker &amp; Son</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15859">
                <text>1857</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15860">
                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15861">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Illustrated Annual Register of Rural Affairs&lt;/em&gt; 3 (1857): 309&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reprinted as &lt;em&gt;The Illustrated Annual Register of Rural Affairs for 1855-6-7 &lt;/em&gt;(1886): 236&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125006136135/page/n236/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy of Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="15863">
                <text>Still image</text>
              </elementText>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="6">
        <name>Agriculture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="449">
        <name>bird's eye view</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1070">
        <name>landscape</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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</itemContainer>
