1 10 2 https://openvalley.org/files/original/cbed1aa9ba38039b5d25e454e27993db.jpg 0b7e2239fd4cdfecd052a8f22bb2704a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Lithograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disruptive Coloration Camouflage Description An account of the resource One of the earliest proponents of adapting land-based camouflage to military naval craft was William A. Mackay, whose "disruptive coloration" or "low visibility dazzle" system is pictured here. Later it was used to re-paint the troop transport <a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/923">US DeKalb</a> during the last year of World War I. Mackay was an artist who beginning in 1912 used his knowledge of optics and color to improve upon the standard method of painting warships gray—an important consideration given the success of German submarines. His theory was a modified pointillism that created gray through patterned application of red, green, and violet; unlike gray paint it would be perceived by human eyes in relation to differering "warm" or "cool" light conditions as a more adaptible gray. He incorporated elements of British "dazzle" patterns to eliminate sharp corners for the purposes of sighting. Even prior to the outbreak of the Great War Mackay created a camofleurs' school that inclulded the painter Thomas Casilear Cole, who eventually was assigned to the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair during 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mackay, William A. (1876-1939) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1918 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Lindell T. Bates, The Science of Low Visibility and Deception, as an Aid to the Defense of Vessels Against Attacks by Submarines (Submarine Defense Assocation, 1918): following p. 32. Courtesy of U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 880 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Lithograph Camouflage New Deal Gallery painting Thomas Casilear Cole US DeKalb US Navy William A. Mackay https://openvalley.org/files/original/a3f187e0d6494059af53e7fb0d24bf74.jpg ff93f980c1e93d7983fdb9fdb720c676 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource USS DeKalb Description An account of the resource Launched in 1904 as the Prinz Eitel Friedrich for a German cruise line, ship eventually was impounded by the U.S. during World War I, refitted as a troop transport ship, and re-launched as the DeKalb in 1917. After Armistice it was operated by an American cruise line between 1920-25 before getting scrapped in 1934. The photograph is of interest because it has been painted using the artist William A. Mackay's <a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/924">"disruptive coloration" camouflage scheme.</a> It is shown here in the Philadelphia Navy Yard. New Deal Gallery artist Thomas Casilear Cole was one of Mackay's pupils and assigned to the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair during 1918. Such measures were critical due to German submarine attacks, for example a June 1918 convoy that included the DeKalb. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918-02-18 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Item #NH 54662 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 956 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Camouflage New Deal Gallery painting Thomas Casilear Cole US DeKalb US Navy William A. Mackay World War I