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              <text>Newspaper article</text>
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                <text>The Fire Fiend</text>
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                <text>Headline from the weekly Caledonia "Advertiser" describes a major fire that destroyed much of the village's commercial district and the Moss House hotel in 1891. &lt;a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Caledonia%20NY%20Advertiser/Caledonia%20NY%20Advertiser%201890-1894%20Grayscale/Caledonia%20NY%20Advertiser%201890-1894%20Grayscale%20-%200054.pdf"&gt;The story goes on to enumerate&lt;/a&gt; some of what was lost: "The fire cleaned out two groceries, one with a stock of boots and shoes, one hardware and tin shop, a barber shop, pool room, two dressmaking establishments, one dentist, one law office, two drug stores, one saloon, two hotels, a shoeshop, three private dwelling places, two livery barns, one tailor shop, one boarding house, and one jewelry shop. What village of this size in western New York has suffered a like loss? It was all done in three hours’ time." Due to several other suspected cases of arson in the prior year, the newspaper raised that question again and criticized the as-yet unincorporated village's fire department. Within a few short months a charter had been approved, the block had been rebuilt, and the arson attacks continued.</text>
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                <text>Caledonia Advertiser</text>
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                <text>1891-01-12</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken&#13;
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                <text>Caledonia Advertiser 12 Feb. 1891: 3 Courtesy Tom Tryniski / &lt;a href="http://fultonhistory.com/"&gt;Fulton History&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Caledonia 1892</text>
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                  <text>This collection of images is based upon &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/files/original/3ae1204165be3bf753a4d31e568da22a.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;an 1892 birds-eye panorama of Caledonia, NY&lt;/a&gt; published by Burleigh Litho of Troy, NY. According to John William Reps, Lucien R. Burleigh was responsible—whether as artist or publisher—for some 228 lithographic city views (it is possible, even likely that the Caledonia map was executed by an employee named Christian Fausel). Trained as a civil engineer, economic recession pressed Burleigh into finding other ways of making a living. He began city viewmaking during the 1870s and by the mid-1880s was well established in his profession. His usual practice was to work from an available map, determine the most advantageous viewpoint (for a village like Caledonia, typically 1500 feet above the ground), and making small sketches at the street level. Another important task during a two- or three-week stay was soliciting subscriptions for the panorama: it took perhaps 100 persons, each paying $2.50-3:00 for a map, for the project to break even. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Burleigh map’s legend provides us with a snapshot of Caledonia in 1892, just recovering from a major fire in 1891. It lists railroad stations, churches, the public school, and even Seth Green’s fish hatchery, but a majority of the numbered locations are commercial enterprises—a likely base of customers for purchasing copies of the completed work. Using old newspapers and trade magazines, this collection has gathered advertising from most of the businesses. Its purpose is to populate an interactive map for the “Heraldry” section of the “Clans of Caledonia” exhibit, where we see immigrant affiliations interacting with national and commercial icons—a complex process of so-called “Americanization.”</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                  <text>Thanks to Tom Tryniski, Fulton History</text>
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              <text>Newspaper article</text>
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              <text>2 x 4 in.</text>
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                <text>Caledonia Advertiser, A.H. Collins, Prop.</text>
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                <text>Point number 26 on the Burleigh map, the Caledonia Advertiser was founded in 1878 by James Beattie and A[lfred] H. Collins, the latter purchasing sole ownership of the newspaper in 1880. Thereafter, Collins ran the until it merged with the Caledonia Era in 1920 and then he retired in 1922. The paper's politics were assertively pro-business and Republican: this image shows Collins getting out the vote for an off-year election in 1895. His brother, Charles S. Collins, was editor of the Troy Times and the Rochester Democrat &amp; Chronicle.</text>
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                <text>Caledonia Advertiser</text>
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                <text>1895-10-31</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                <text>Caledonia Advertiser 31 Oct. 1895. Courtesy of Tom Tryniski / Fulton History.</text>
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