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                <text>North View of the Plant</text>
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                <text>A photo of the plant that processed the salt that miners who lived in Little Italy extracted.</text>
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                <text>Yasso, J. Marilyn Hannett</text>
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                <text>1920</text>
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                <text>Auld, Mary</text>
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                <text>History of Retsof, New York</text>
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                  <text>Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (&lt;strong&gt;lumber mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (&lt;strong&gt;grist mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding wheat or other grains (&lt;strong&gt;flour mill&lt;/strong&gt;); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (&lt;strong&gt;paper mill&lt;/strong&gt;); fabricating metals (&lt;strong&gt;triphammer mill&lt;/strong&gt;); powering industrial equipment &lt;strong&gt;(textile mill&lt;/strong&gt;); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>The Upper Falls of the Genesee at Rochester NY from the East</text>
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                <text>Young, John T., 1814-1842 (artist)&#13;
Bufford, John Henry, 1810-1870 (lithographer)</text>
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                <text>C &amp; M Morse</text>
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                <text>1836</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                <text> The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. "[The upper falls of the Genesee at Rochester N.Y. from the east.]" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-7c25-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99&#13;
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                <text>Somewhat idealized view of Rochester's High Falls has cattle grazing peacefully in the foreground of this print. The "Mercury" statue at rear center, however, dates the scene after 1881--which is when the Kimball Tobacco Factory commissioned it. By that point the High Falls area already had many more factories and mills than is pictured; the area had been an industrial center for several decades.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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              <text>Oil painting</text>
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              <text>18 x 22 in.</text>
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                <text>Autumn Bouquet</text>
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                <text>Against a backdrop of muted, almost murky tones in brown, green, and tan, we see a still life of flowers in an earthenware jar along with various fruits. Their colors likewise are subdued; golds, reds, and oranges are illuminated by autumnal light in this pensive composition.&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: We haven’t been able to locate much reliable information about this artist. Born Sneier Zemachson in Sulwalki, Lithuania, he immigrated to Toledo, OH in 1910 and became a US citizen around 1939. He was the son of respected liturgical composer Simon Zemachson, and his brother Arnold became one in his own right while living in America; Samuel later became a caretaker and editor of their work. He studied at the National Academy of design and was awarded a prize for his still lifes in 1925. His “Still Life” was purchased by the city of Albany, NY in 1936 through the Federal Art Program. For an unexplained reason, there is 1 more image at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-24-folder-40" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt; in the name of his son Paul—who at that time was less than a year old.</text>
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                <text>Zemachson, Samuel, 1902-1987</text>
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                <text>Ritz, Abigail (photography)&#13;
&#13;
Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
Object #FA18375</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Zilzer, Gyula</text>
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                <text>New Deal Museum, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 1593</text>
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                <text>In &lt;em&gt;The Postman&lt;/em&gt;, a seated man and his instrument take up most of the print. His clothes indicate that he is, indeed, a postman, but his identity as a musician comes first here. His instrument appears to be almost the size of his upper body, and it covers up most of his torso. The detailed hatching on his instrument creates shadows that draw further attention to it, especially in comparison to the lighter, less detailed background. The use of perspective in the background feels a bit warped as well, with the floorboards tilting left but the closet turned toward the right. This off-balanced room draws even more focus to the carefully illustrated postman/musician himself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11 images at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/people/2695/gyula-zilzer/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Derrell, Emma (description)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helquist, Morgan (photography)</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Two men create a makeshift camp, which seems to have involved chopping wood and heating cans of food. They appear to be worn and tired and dressed in simple clothing. Zilzer’s title alerts us that the pair may be migrant workers who travel by (illegally) hopping trains, distinguished from “tramps” who traveled but didn’t seek work. The older man, at left, is wearing what may be a kepi hat from the Civil War era; his leg is fitted with a prosthetic, whether due to military casualty or a train accident is unknown. The other man’s contribution to an improvised household is music (in the form of a simple flute) and perhaps contact with current events, in the form of a rolled-up paper in his pocket. They’re arranged to be facing each other, creating a loosely circular whole. The scene’s composition is quite strange. Its foreground is very detailed and makes use of drypoint lines to create modeled, tangible objects—deeply worn ones at that. The background, however, shows only the outline of trees and stylized “speed lines”: a passing train? a minimalist backdrop? something more existential? Regardless, Zilzer’s shallow space keeps our focus on the two individuals, emphasizing the dire conditions of their survival. His knack for evoking emotional connection can be experienced by looking at the expression on the older man’s face: weariness personified, yet somehow still affected by music. However briefly, an invisible or reviled class of Americans confronts its viewer in their abandonment and persistence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11 images at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/people/2695/gyula-zilzer/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Zilzer, Gyula (1898 - 1969)</text>
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                <text>Hudson, Timothy (description)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helquist, Morgan (photograph)</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>New Deal Museum, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 1590</text>
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                <text>Teaching In a Migrant Camp: 1994-1995 Journal Notes</text>
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                <text>A journal of notes taken by Kathy Zimmer, a worker at the Geneseo Migrant Center. These notes were taken between 1994-1995 at camps including Blue Eagle and Seneca Castle. </text>
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                <text>Keenan, Shannon </text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Depicted is the landmark Bethesda Fountain located in New York City's Central Park. The fountain is adorned by a bronze statue with small figures that appear to support the winged figure. Bethesda is a biblical reference to a pool that is believed to have had healing powers, so its use for a fountain's name has great significance. The warm colors and large brush strokes give this painting a sense of importance that is associated with being in Central Park--a location not far from Zucker's home in New York.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born in Radom, Poland, at age thirteen Zucker ran away from home, traveling by himself to study at the Bezalel Art School in Palestine. After serving with the Royal Fusilliers of England during World War I, he spent time in the Paris art scene before immigrating to the US in 1922. Here he first worked as a maker of fine jewelry; eventually, he was successful as a painter with studios in New York and Paris. Zucker counted as influences the French Romantics Pierre-Auguste Renoir and &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Watteau" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jean-Antoine Watteau&lt;/a&gt;, along with contemporaries &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Utrillo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Maurice Utrillo&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Chaim Soutine&lt;/a&gt;. He observed that, in Europe, artists know that a landscape has been painted many times, but in America “I feel liberated, unburdened by the weight of artistic precedent” (Salpeter). Zucker’s work was shown at places like the Art Institute of Chicago, the Whitney Museum, and the Cheshire Gallery, as well as the Bonaparte and Paquereau Galleries in Paris. 5 more images at the &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-24-folder-49" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;; 1 statue at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-24-folder-48" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sources Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: Harry Salpeter, &lt;a href="http://archive.esquire.com/article/1938/10/1/jacques-zucker-modern-romantic" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;“Jacques Zucker: Modern Romantic,”&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;Esquire&lt;/em&gt; Oct. 1938: 59+. Dan Wolman, director, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/BceCvihjQ28" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jacques Zucker: Modern Romantic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (film short).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA18376</text>
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                  <text>Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (&lt;strong&gt;lumber mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (&lt;strong&gt;grist mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding wheat or other grains (&lt;strong&gt;flour mill&lt;/strong&gt;); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (&lt;strong&gt;paper mill&lt;/strong&gt;); fabricating metals (&lt;strong&gt;triphammer mill&lt;/strong&gt;); powering industrial equipment &lt;strong&gt;(textile mill&lt;/strong&gt;); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>Ca. 1912 photograph of the flour mill on Conesus Creek in Littleville, NY built by Emme Light in 1878 and subsequently operated by his sons John and William. Glen Avon Mills sold several trademarked varieties of flour, including “Peerless,” “Sweet Violet,” “Daisy,” and “White Rose.” Ownership of the mill passed to Lucy (Light) McDonald who in 1949 leased it to a Dutch miller named George A. Bass. In 1951, the town of Avon purchased the mill for its more valuable Conesus Lake water rights, then sold the property back to Bass. Glen Avon Mills ceased operations sometime around the late 1950s.</text>
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