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                  <text>Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (&lt;strong&gt;lumber mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (&lt;strong&gt;grist mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding wheat or other grains (&lt;strong&gt;flour mill&lt;/strong&gt;); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (&lt;strong&gt;paper mill&lt;/strong&gt;); fabricating metals (&lt;strong&gt;triphammer mill&lt;/strong&gt;); powering industrial equipment &lt;strong&gt;(textile mill&lt;/strong&gt;); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>Bathers, friends of Martha Blow Wadsworth (wife of Herbert Wadsworth), frolicking in the falls at the Triphammer site in the southern part of the town of Avon, N.Y.  The Wadsworth family of Geneseo owned a flour mill at this spot on Conesus Creek, near where a trip-hammer and forge were also located. </text>
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&#13;
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This work, as the title suggests, is of trees during the fall season: red, yellow, and orange colors of leaves on their skeletal forms depict a season of change. Rolling hills behind them likewise are changing color to more muted tones, the color of perhaps a dirt path. The sky is blue behind off-white clouds. A stone wall separates the trees from a grassy field in the foreground. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born as August Fredrik Vilhelm Axelsen in Tönsberg, Norway, dire economic conditions there led to his immigration—at eight years old—to the US with his maternal aunt and her husband, Wilhelm Waltemath of Germany. That family settled in Minneapolis, MN, where William eventually began work as a printer. His paintings were exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the Salons of America, and Society of Independent Artists, along with group and individual events. At a 1931 show in Baltimore, MD, the art critic Henry McBride wrote that Waltemath “commands rich pigment and has a sense of picture making, though his tendency is toward the somber.” By 1932, however, Waltemath’s professional and financial situation had suffered; he was one of a dozen New York painters selected for inclusion in a show featuring artists “who are for the most part unknown, indigent, or neglected” (“Unsung”). The Federal Art Project provided a crucial lifeline, for example in 1937 his work shown at a WPA exhibition along with fellow NDG artist Carl Nordell. He remained active in civic organizations, notably as chairman of the Art League of Nassau County. There is something moving to to a photograph of Waltemath with one of his paintings, where it’s revealed that he considers himself “a printer by trade and an artist because he insists on being one....He has been unemployed for some time, but refuses to allow that to halt his painting” (“An Artist”).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sources Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: Henry McBride, “Some Foreign Impressions of Our Art,” &lt;em&gt;Baltimore Sun&lt;/em&gt; 22 Nov. 1931: 66; “Unsung Artists Exhibit at Show on Heights,” &lt;em&gt;Brooklyn Daily Eagle&lt;/em&gt; 3 Sept. 1932: 3; “An Artist—By Choice!” &lt;em&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/em&gt; 10 Jan. 1937: 181.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This painting features a wilderness scene, strikingly symmetrical in its composition, with a pond, undulating row of trees, hills, and clouds. It is rendered mainly in earthy brown tones with a small pop of blue in the color of the pond. Waltemath’s painting itself is very still but, we can infer some movement with the depiction of clouds in the sky, reflected upon the pond.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born as August Fredrik Vilhelm Axelsen in Tönsberg, Norway, dire economic conditions there led to his immigration—at eight years old—to the US with his maternal aunt and her husband, Wilhelm Waltemath of Germany. That family settled in Minneapolis, MN, where William eventually began work as a printer. His paintings were exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the Salons of America, and Society of Independent Artists, along with group and individual events. At a 1931 show in Baltimore, MD, the art critic Henry McBride wrote that Waltemath “commands rich pigment and has a sense of picture making, though his tendency is toward the somber.” By 1932, however, Waltemath’s professional and financial situation had suffered; he was one of a dozen New York painters selected for inclusion in a show featuring artists “who are for the most part unknown, indigent, or neglected” (“Unsung”). The Federal Art Project provided a crucial lifeline, for example in 1937 his work shown at a WPA exhibition along with fellow NDG artist Carl Nordell. He remained active in civic organizations, notably as chairman of the Art League of Nassau County. There is something moving to to a photograph of Waltemath with one of his paintings, where it’s revealed that he considers himself “a printer by trade and an artist because he insists on being one....He has been unemployed for some time, but refuses to allow that to halt his painting” (“An Artist”).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sources Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: Henry McBride, “Some Foreign Impressions of Our Art,” &lt;em&gt;Baltimore Sun&lt;/em&gt; 22 Nov. 1931: 66; “Unsung Artists Exhibit at Show on Heights,” &lt;em&gt;Brooklyn Daily Eagle&lt;/em&gt; 3 Sept. 1932: 3; “An Artist—By Choice!” &lt;em&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/em&gt; 10 Jan. 1937: 181.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Popularly known as the "Bronze Bear" fountain, this Main Street landmark was commissioned by Herbert and William Austin Wadsworth in memory of their mother. It was designed by Richard Morris Hunt; provenance of the bronze sculpture is less clear. The fountain was installed in 1888 and over the years suffered from neglect and vandalism. Beginning in 2008, the Association for the Preservation of Geneseo undertook a restoration of the fountain to its original state.</text>
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                <text>Photo courtesy of Keith Walters</text>
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                  <text>Genesee Valley, Geneseo, Mt. Morris, Letchworth, NY, State Park, Hogsback, Genesee River, photography,HDR,scenic,tourism,tourist attraction,hiking,camping</text>
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                <text>Contemporary photo of American Rock Salt mining operation, Mount Morris, NY</text>
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                <text>After the 1994 collapse of a salt mine in Retsof, NY, the company reorganized, purchased mineral rights, and today produces between 10,000-18,000 tons of road salt daily</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This painting depicts blooming Japanese flora in what appears to be a body of water; however, most of the canvas is negative space, a technique that allows for a higher contrast in colors of Ward’s vegetation. It also is perhaps intended to allow viewers to contemplate life and its meaning, for the flowers and waterlilies surrounding the base of the vegetation—their branches and petals—are flourishing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist:&lt;/span&gt; Ward was born, in Paris, to a family of artists. His father &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/13132" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Edgar Melville&lt;/a&gt; was a noted genre painter who directed the National Academy of Design for twenty years; his uncle &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_Ward" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;John Quincy Adams Ward&lt;/a&gt; was even more famous for his public sculptures. The younger painter studied with &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_William_Carlson" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Edward William Carlson&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Coates_Jones" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Francis Coates Jones&lt;/a&gt;, and—perhaps most influential—the muralist &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Maynard" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;George W. Maynard&lt;/a&gt;. He lived much of his life in Ulster County. As of the mid-1930s Ward, in addition to painting, was a designer and a muralist in his own right (&lt;em&gt;Kingston Daily Freeman&lt;/em&gt; 30 July 1936: 7). His “Under Sea Life” was at the Jones Beach Pavillion, and he created several for Wells College, Aurora NY.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Griffin, Michael (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Samuel Warren's 1836 advertisement in the New York Evangelist, offering his wine specifically to the churches of Western New York.</text>
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Courtesy of Gary Cox</text>
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