89 10 1402 https://openvalley.org/files/original/913176bcd265729edcf9081f315e0346.jpg bd9f9cead53fcc6043498c23cb46845b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Drawing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stewart's Patent Stump Machine Description An account of the resource Clearing forested lands to create open agricultural land was an arduous process, which is why this device may have been of interest to farmers: "This machine is not only used for pulling stumps, but it is applicable to moving buildings, rocks, &c. It possesses great power and may be worked with ease and convenience." Perhaps over-optimistically, it was claimed that for a team of horses and three men "removal of 100 stumps is considered a day's work." By the mid-1800s, most land clearing involved the use of animal power, like oxen or horses. Later, explosives were used to destroy stumps. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available William W. Willis and James Kilburn, agents Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1851-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Genesee Farmer 12.4 (April 1851): 87 <a href="https://archive.org/details/sim_genesee-farmer_1851-04_12_4/page/87/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy of Internet Archive</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 267 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Agriculture Land Clearing Stumps https://openvalley.org/files/original/998595c9e55144d9d0f0a9df0f2865b1.jpg f0a3b5c0dd2382157b5d90234a6ddef6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Drawing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Cheap Stump Machine Description An account of the resource Removal of trees so as to create farmland, and especially the stumps left behind, was an arduous process for European settlers. Although there were complex (and expensive) "patent machines" available, small farmers trying to remove fairly small-diameter trees was much more common. The Genesee Farmer shared this design from an Ontario County resident for one "that can be made by any farmer with the aid of a blacksmith." It relied upon incremental prying, but that farmer claimed that "I have séen two hands, on a lot that had been cleared fourteen years, pull in a day from sixty to a hundred stumps, mostly from ten to eighteen inches in diameter." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Genesee Farmer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1851-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Genesee Farmer 12.6 (June 1851): 141 <a href="https://archive.org/details/sim_genesee-farmer_1851-06_12_6/page/141/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy of Internet Archive</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 136 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Agriculture Farm implements Land Clearing Stumps https://openvalley.org/files/original/8e345058918ac9eb62f959ef3eacd40b.jpg 2ab7982c8b6b292201fdd418f95c4452 https://openvalley.org/files/original/fc230291c3baabafbcda91580e9c5371.jpg 520580b4adbb6003ee90482d1ae8b1a7 https://openvalley.org/files/original/f681434591c4e37f4c76f84e5e5a9222.jpg ae251f5550d3de8ddaf3f7d8488d4489 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Engraving Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlement in the Wilderness Description An account of the resource This idealized diptych appeared in The Genesee Farmer, an agricultural newspaper, showing its readers the clearing of forests so as to create farmland. By the date of publication, settlement and the "Pioneer" figure already was imbued with mythic qualities, thanks to fiction like James Fenimore Cooper's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pioneers_(novel)" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Pioneers</a> (1823) and paintings like Thomas Cole's <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Home_in_the_Woods_1847_Thomas_Cole.jpeg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Home in the Woods"</a> (1847). The text accompanying each image appears below. A third image of the farm appeared as a frontispiece to that year's volume; it continues development of the wilderness into something resembling a model farm of the 1850s. Commencing a Settlement in the Wilderness: "The Pioneer has built a rude log house; cold weather came upon him before its completion, and froze the ground, so that he could not mix the straw mortar for his stick chimney, and that is dispensed with. He has taken possession of his new home. The oxen that are browsing with the cow and three sheep: the two pigs and three fowls that his young wife is feeding from her folded apron; these, with a bed, two chairs, a pot and kettle, and a few other indispensable articles for house-keeping, few and scanty altogether, as may be supposed; for all were brought in upon that ox sled, through an underbrushed road; these constitute the bulk of his worldly wealth." First Summer at the Settlement: "The Pioneer has now chopped down a few acres, enclosed them with a rail fence in front, and a brush fence on the sides and in the rear. Around the house he has a small plot cleared of the timber, sufficient for a garden; but upon most of the opening he has made, he has only burned the brush; and corn, potatoes, beans, pumpkins, are growing among the logs. He has got a stick chimney added to his house. In the background of the picture, a logging bee is in progress. His wife is out, looking to the plants she has been rearing. A log bridge has been thrown across the stream. It is a rugged home in the wilderness as yet, but we have already the earnest of progress and improvement. (As a frontispiece to this volume, we give a cut showing the subsequent improvements at the settlement. It is a pleasing picture of pioneer life familiar to many of our readers.)" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Genesee Farmer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1857-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Genesee Farmer 18.12 (Dec. 1857): 371-372 <a href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/66464#page/372/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage Library</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 1.2 MB jpeg, 1.1 MB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Farm Land Clearing Pioneers Settlement The Genesee Farmer https://openvalley.org/files/original/f6ead591035bd8ecb80b73f4c1c4ae6c.jpg eb9d96b66fb830fb1424ef0ed976baa4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Migrant Farmworkers, Steuben County Description An account of the resource Undated photo shows two women and two young children in a field, equipped with woven baskets. The crop being harvested probably is potatoes. Given the photo's apparent age and the tools used, it's possible that this dates to the mid-1940s, when agricultural labor shortages caused by World War II led to the importation of farmworkers from the Bahamas and Jamaica. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 628 KB Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Steuben County Historical Society Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Farm labor Migrant Farmers Steuben County https://openvalley.org/files/original/61d2531ad463f6dd4c6b601dc7d041f5.jpg f95af596caab6981f8b0896fcfe00960 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 5 x 4 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Girl in Dinosaur Footprints Description An account of the resource At the popular "Brontosaurus Hall" at the American Museum of Natural History, a young girl sits in preserved footprints of a dinosaur. Note: this image has been croppedS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available American Museum of Natural History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://digitalcollections.amnh.org/archive/Camptosaurus-nanus--Brontosaurus-Hall-2URM1T9X0NW1.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Museum of Natural History</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 282 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image American Museum of Natural History Dinosaur Natural history https://openvalley.org/files/original/c4db1698b48e94c99239ab8217a06a89.jpg 43b95b46ec31b6172f133670a2993d7e https://openvalley.org/files/original/b756092a755d754166e1b57dfe823cbd.png 4b32238f643672c4c86061d825b8a17c Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 14.8 x 20 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trade Schools at the Craig Colony Description An account of the resource Built on the site of a former Shaker community, the Craig Colony for Epileptics was envisioned as a self-supporting institution when it opened in 1896. Inmates worked in the Shakers' existing farms and blacksmith shops; these new buildings were constructed in that same spirit, structuring a day's activities in a predictable manner. The reality, however, is that many inmates had physical and mental conditions that precluded work. The Colony relied upon hired employees both for its enterprises and attending inmates. Combined with overcrowding, conditions fell far short of the founders' optimistic plans. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://iiif.harvardartmuseums.org/manifests/object/19513" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Transfer from the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Social Museum Collection</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 330 KB PNG, 2.8 MB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Craig Colony Groveland Correctional Facility Photo https://openvalley.org/files/original/c67833da79a6dd39ff8b7f941ee50216.jpg ea9c51728d45c9236b01906002ae6183 https://openvalley.org/files/original/f7b495c769aa82b516068fef12b18da7.jpg 2dce1c59092948f20fc3c51036d0821b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wally's Inn Description An account of the resource A popular location for receptions and community events, Wally's was located between Avon and Lima--therefore a convenient gathering place. As this notice of sale elaborates, the building was equipped with a dining room, bar, and outdoor barbecue pit. Later it was called Foster's--after its new owner--and eventually was demolished in the late 1970s, perhaps due to the construction of Interstate 390. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Avon Realty Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957-12-7 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rochester Democrat & Chronicle 7 Dec. 1957: 15 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 1 MB jpeg, 942 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image avon voices East Avon, N.Y. Wally's Inn https://openvalley.org/files/original/3d36247d404570d7fabe685158743eca.jpg 302646cbe5b20c3625b02b9d95c2eb08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mills of Genesee Valley Description An account of the resource Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (lumber mill); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (grist mill); grinding wheat or other grains (flour mill); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (paper mill); fabricating metals (triphammer mill); powering industrial equipment (textile mill); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines. This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Lithograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residence and Mill of C.S. Gilbert, East Avon, Livingston County, N.Y. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 1.6 MB Description An account of the resource Following an apprenticeship in milling, Charles Sewell Gilbert immigrated from England in his young twenties--initially to Rochester and Penfield. He relocated to Avon in 1855 and purchased an existing mill. His sons later followed him into the business on North Avon Road. The smokestack at center probably is related to Gilbert's addition of steam power, a safety against variable levels of Little Conesus Creek. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D. Mason & Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, N.Y. (Syracuse: D. Mason, 1881): following p. 442. <a href="https://archive.org/details/1687historyofliv00smit/page/n622/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy of Internet Archive</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Avon, NY East Avon, N.Y. Mill https://openvalley.org/files/original/a4bd5549a4ead55a02882d02a057e746.jpeg ed716c163255fc6368ae91912458a3f5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bank Run on American Union Bank Description An account of the resource Groups of depositors in front of the closed American Union Bank, New York City on April 26, 1931. Opened in 1917, the bank was a relatively small one, with assests of $2 million. Between 1930 and 1933 about 9,000 that ceased operations. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931-04-26 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Archives <a href="Groups%20of depositors in front of the closed American Union Bank, New York City. April 26, 1932" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy Wikimedia Commons</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 614 KB Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Bank Run Great Depression New York, NY https://openvalley.org/files/original/539352c43bddec8962aa6841f17e2ae3.jpg 3c02020a1e9d41114e34b191d2c56203 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 2.3 MB Title A name given to the resource "Spanish Life" Mural Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available San Francisco News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-04-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Design for School Mural," San Francisco News 1 April 1939: 8 Description An account of the resource A caption to this photo reads: "John Moxom, WPA Federal Art Project artist, is shown at work on the charcoal sketch for his mural, 'Spanish Life,' which will be placed in the Hillsborough Distriet School." According to Moxom, it was sixty feet wide, painted directly on the wall in oil paint; its subject was "early Spanish explorers in California. Native arts, Indian women weaving" (McChesney). The mural's current status is unknown, although the artist jokingly hoped "they've darkened considerably." About the Artist John (“Jack”) Swanston Moxom was born in Calgary, Alberta, immigrating with his family to San Francisco in 1925. He lived in the Bay Area the rest of his life. Moxom studied at the California School of Fine Art, then received his first commission through the FAP for a sculpture at the Sarah B. Cooper Memorial, Golden Gate Park. His subject matter of a young girl with a cat and a squirrel at her feet seemed appropriate to honor the educational reformer. Moxom later recalled, however, that his inexperience led him to choose a variety of sandstone that was beautifully flesh-colored but “darkened to a bloody red when the water hit it” (McChesney). Moxom’s main artistic contributions to the FAP took the form of murals at what was then called the San Francisco Teachers College (now SF State). Over two years, he created an estimated 10-15 separate murals ranging from a 12’ x 9’ work for a childrens’ library, to various works integrated into a building’s architecture (“Frederic Burk”). Eventually the murals were painted over, until a 2015 restoration project converted 55 Laguna Street into affordable senior housing for the LGBTQ+ community. Moxom also worked at the Hillsborough District School to create a 60 ft. painted mural for its auditorium, depicting the conquistador Juan Bautista De Anza encountering a variety of Native Arts (McChesney; SF Art Ass’n). In later years Moxom studied with the Italian painter Giorgio de Chirico, but he always credited the FAP’s support for young artists: “...some place for a studio, some facilities to make a beginning, some nucleus would permit the painter to live on a restricted budget....It's deadly, competition. Partly because most of us would always lose and those who win might not be the best ones. I mean, God himself couldn't tell what the results are going to be before we've begun” (McChesney). 2 works at the <a href="https://www.philamuseum.org/collection?artist=John%20%28Jack%29%20Moxom" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>. 1 work at <a href="https://dia.org/collection/verna/55078" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Detroit Museum of Art</a>. 1 work at the <a href="https://www.annexgalleries.com/inventory/detail/AFAE138/John-S-Moxom/Sonia--WPA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Annex Galleries</a>. 1 work at <a href="https://www.nga.gov/artworks/144127-liberation">National Gallery of Art</a>. 3 images at <a href="https://art.gsa.gov/people/2035/john-s-moxom/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GSA</a>. Works  Consulted: Mary Fuller McChesney, “Oral History Interview with Hebe Daum Stackpole and Jack Moxom,” 9 Jan. 1965, Archives of American Art New Deal and the Arts Project <a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-hebe-daum-stackpole-and-jack-moxom-12293" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Link</a>; San Francisco Art Association Bulletin 5.9 (April 1939): 2 <a href="https://archive.org/details/casfai_000061/page/n1/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Link</a>; Shelley Caltagirone, Historic Preservation Commission Review of 55 Laguna Street 10 Dec. 2015 <a href="https://commissions.sfplanning.org/hpcpackets/2004.0773E_2012.0033E.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Link</a>; “Frederic Burk School Notes,” Golden Gator 31 Mar. 1936: 4 <a href="https://archive.org/details/casfuahc_000808/page/3/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Link</a> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Federal Art Project Jack Moxom John Moxom Mural