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                <text>In 1873 work began on a water system for the city of Rochester--an earlier one had failed due to poor construction--that would draw from Hemlock Lake in Livingston County, nearly thirty miles distant. By this point the growing city of some 70,000 still drew its water from wells and cisterns; diseases like cholera and dysentery were common because wells were located near cesspits. When a fire broke out the city depended upon water from the Erie Canal or Genesee River. Hemlock Lake was 385 feet higher than the reservoir and as such gravity fed. It was completed in 1876 and later, in 1919, was expanded to include nearby Canadice Lake.&#13;
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                <text>Courtesy Ken Cooper</text>
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                <text>This image from the early 1950s shows the construction of the dam at Mt. Morris. Prior to this time, areas along the Genesee River flooded annually. This mighty structure now helps regulate the river's volume.</text>
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Endowment Certificate&#13;
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We hereby certify that Donald Fraser and Archibald Gillis By Mrs. N. W. Campbell East of York, in the county of Livingston State of New York, has paid into the Endowment Fund of the Mumford Rural Cemetery Association one hundred and fifty ($150.00) DOLLARS for the purpose of keeping in order Lots No. 1, 2, 3, 13, in Section D, in the Mumford Rural Cemetery, in consideration whereof the interest, which shall be obtained on that sum, shall hereafter, from time to time, as occasion may require, be expended on said Lot by the Superintendent under the direction of the Trustees and for paying taxes on time.&#13;
&#13;
WITNESS OUR HANDS AND SEAL, at the Office of the Secretary, at Mumford, N. Y., this 5th day of October 1931.&#13;
&#13;
S.W. McDonald&#13;
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&#13;
S. W. McDonald&#13;
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                <text>This image is of the certification of Donald Fraser and Archibald Gillis's endowment of $150.00 for lots in Mumford Rural Cemetery.  This certificate was signed by S.W. McDonald, secretary and treasurer of the Mumford Rural Cemetery Association, on October 5th, 1931.</text>
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                <text>Floor plan to the influential art museum in Boston, MA shows not simply a series of galleries but an historical sequence that is displayed walking through the rooms. As Logan Ward suggests, visitors following a counter-clockwise route enact the implied transition from "Oriental" cultures (Assyrian, Egyptian, Phoenician) to the ascendency of "Western" Greco-Roman cultures, which prepares the way for an Italian Renaissance. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was part of broader colonial influence of museums gathering or appropriating materials from around the world. Galleries that had been organized by artistic media--by very specialized curators--now were overseen by individuals with expertise organized by geographicl and cultural knowledge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Source Consulted&lt;/span&gt;: Logan Ward, “Museum Orientalism: East versus West in US American Museum Administration and Space, 1870-1910, Part Two,” &lt;em&gt;The Coalition of Master’s Scholars on Material Culture&lt;/em&gt;, October 7, 2021.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 1 (1903): 33&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-4423164/page/n1/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy of Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Two blocks of tenement buildings dominate this urban scene, in hues of rusty brick, gray, and white. A slightly convex picture plane tilts down dark gray sidewalks and a street in the foreground to give them even greater prominence. Only a band of light blue sky and white clouds offer respite from an evidently working-class neighborhood. Thick brushstrokes emphasize a patterned geometry of widows, shutters, cornices, and entryways. Three musicians stand at the street intersection (singing, playing a banjo and an accordion) who are matched by three spectators. A woman watches them with mild curiosity from a window above; a passerby on the sidewalk seems to be approaching them. The third figure is a man loading duffel bags onto a horse-drawn cart, with a business ironically named “Prosperity Laundry Co,” perhaps too busy in his toils to heed their appeal. The politically active Trubach seems to be offering a kind of allegory here, especially by way of an alleyway whose exaggerated orthoganals point to a shining white skyscraper in the distance. This path is obstructed by a closed iron gate; in front of it the musicians directly face viewers and make their appeal to us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;:&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Born in Ukraine--then part of the Russian empire--Trubach immigrated to the US before WWI, later recalling that his artistic career began at the age of eight, drawing upon the sidewalks of New York City (Clinton). At age 14 he received a scholarship at the National Academy of Design, was awarded an exhibition prize, and at 19 a two-year Mooney Traveling Fellowship to Europe. That experience with &lt;em&gt;avant-garde&lt;/em&gt; culture shaped his artistic vision—he aligned himself with the so-called Secessionst Group and later characterized himself as a “non-objective” painter—along with his politics. During the 1930s, Trubach was a member of the radical &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_Clubs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;John Reed Club&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_Union" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Artists Union&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href="https://edan.si.edu/slideshow/viewer/?damspath=/CollectionsOnline/gellhugo/Box_0003/Folder_004" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;American Artists Congress&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. His memories of this period differ sharply from better-known histories of the Federal Art Project, recalling that administrators “tried to keep the paintings from being too wild because they had to allocate them to hospitals and they had to be serene and quiet”; sometimes he would act as “the sort of lawyer for these artists” whose subject matter was rejected (McChesney). &amp;nbsp;Trubach’s work for the WPA included assistance on murals at the &lt;a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/sites/central-park-arsenal-murals-new-york-ny/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Central Park Police Station&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/sites/teddy-roosevelt-high-school-mural-bronx-ny/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Theodore Roosevelt High School&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the Bronx; and the &lt;a href="https://livingnewdeal.org/sites/rincon-center-murals-san-francisco-ca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rincon Annex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; post office, San Francisco. His Federal Art Project paintings were exhibited by the Art Institute of Chicago, Carnegie Institute, Corcoran Gallery,&amp;nbsp; and the Society of Independent Artists. In 1936 he contributed a painting, "Red Builders," to an ill-fated &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/birobidjan-exhibition-records-21691/series-1/reel-27-frames-661-679" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;"State Museum of Biro-Bidjan"&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;under the auspices of &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Jewish_Colonization_in_Russia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ICOR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. After WWII, Trubach—now reclaiming his name Serge—taught at the New England School of Art in Boston, then in 1952 relocated to Sausalito, CA along with his wife, the painter Leonora Cetone. He continued to show his art locally, advocate for community arts, and ran (unsuccessfully) for city council eleven times. &lt;a href="https://calabigallery.com/artists/serge-trubach/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2 works&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; at online Calabi Gallery. 13 images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-23-folder-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FAP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. 2 images at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/search/%22ernest%20s.%20trubach%22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA&lt;/a&gt;. Oral history interviews by &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-serge-trubach-11622" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mary Fuller McChesney&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1964) and &lt;a href="https://californiarevealed.org/do/d31a4412-1584-4130-b187-07309cfac57c" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clayton Mote&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1978).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Sources Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: Larry Clifton, “Serge Trubach, Artist and Activist,” Sausalito Historical Society 12 Aug. 2020 &lt;a href="https://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/2020-columns/2020/8/12/serge-trubach-artist-and-activist" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Link&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; Mary Fuller McChesney, “Oral History Interview with Serge Trubach” 5 Dec. 1964, Archives of American Art New Deal and the Arts Project &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-serge-trubach-11622" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Link&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; Peter Hastings Falk, ed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Who Was Who in American Art&lt;/em&gt; (1999) &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/whowaswhoinameri0003unse/page/3339/mode/1up?q=trubach" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Link&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>New Deal Museum, Mt. Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 773</text>
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                <text>At the time of this gallery show, Juan Cavazos was a 26-year-old migrant farm worker. He was born in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico and later made money sketching portraits in the taverns of Chihuahua and Ciudad Juarez. A CAMPS teacher named Annie Salerno recognized his talent while he was harvesting potatoes near Castile, NY and became one of several advocates who helped him gain access to painting materials and space. &#13;
&#13;
During the period of "My Journey Through the Fields," Cavazos also was showing at the MollyOlga gallery and the Burchfield Art Center--both of them in Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Mandala forthrightly asserts that it was “Made by Timoteo Tzun Poros” during a Creative Artists Migrant Program Services (CAMPS) workshop. Its design is based upon a shield created in 1871 that celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of Guatemalan independence from Spain on 15 September 1821: a resplendent quetzel, crossed guns, and laurel wreaths. Poros adds a small Guatemalan flag to the mandala. &lt;em&gt;Note: image quality is affected by shrink wrap enclosing the art work, due to its creator never returning to retrieve it.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>A natural rock wall in the canyon of the Lower Falls at Letchworth State Park. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11180">
                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11181">
                <text>2018</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11182">
                <text>VanOstrand, Griffin</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11183">
                <text>jpeg, 1.3 MB</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11274">
                <text>Still image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1231">
        <name>Canyon</name>
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      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>Letchworth State Park</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="489">
        <name>Lower Falls</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1230">
        <name>Rock Wall</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2177" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3875">
        <src>https://openvalley.org/files/original/67edbfd67869fef81d60efb140a8db1a.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0c5ae992e33cf6078f6a7b3eb95c77d3</authentication>
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        <src>https://openvalley.org/files/original/a33c2a3b160b80b78e4f2e9b12b5b2db.jpg</src>
        <authentication>63210cd51d6cc1b8a2ee02dcc6e00999</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>New Deal Gallery</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="8458">
                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>1935-1940</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10506">
                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data</description>
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              <text>Drypoint on paper</text>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="18939">
              <text>Image: 15 x 11 in. &lt;br /&gt;Framed: 25 1/2 x 21 3/4 in.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18931">
                <text>Near Kingston</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18932">
                <text>jpeg, 1.5 MB&lt;br /&gt;jpeg, 692 KB</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18933">
                <text>Blanch, Arnold (1896 - 1968)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18934">
                <text>Federal Art Project</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18935">
                <text>c. 1940</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18936">
                <text>Rivera, Dominc (description and biography)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helquist, Morgan (photography)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18937">
                <text>New Deal Museum, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 184</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18940">
                <text>A rural landscape near Kingston, NY is structured to guide a viewer's eye from foreground into the middle distance through a gently curving route or boundary line, creating depth by progressively reducing detail as the land recedes. The image relies on value contrast and line to organize space: darker masses (tree trunks, corn shocks, and rooflines) anchor the middle ground, while lighter passages suggest open fields and atmospheric conditions. The drypoint technique contributes an airy, foglike quality to the surroundings. Architectural elements, such as a farmhouse and outbuildings, situate the landscape as inhabited, not strictlly “wild” scenery. The farm does not appear to be deserted, either, still a viable operation set against a smokestack in the distant city. Arnold's mood is quiet and restrained; rather than dramatic action, his print emphasizes place, structure, and everyday continuity, aligning with the era's interest in depicting the American Scene.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1808">
        <name>Arnold Blanch</name>
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      <tag tagId="1804">
        <name>Drypoint</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="961">
        <name>Federal Art Project</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1809">
        <name>Kingston, NY</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1710">
        <name>New Deal Museum</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
