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                <text>Passages</text>
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                <text>This program was created for a 1991 exhibition whose premise was quite formalist: that there are four types of passages "common to all migrant people": through historical time, through space, through seasons of nature, and through cycles of life. These passages were, furthermore, mapped on to four different cultural groups served by the Geneseo Migrant Center: Mexican, Algonquin Native, Haitian, and African American. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The effect was somewhat like a cognitive grid for recognizing commonalities of experience, although for the exhibition pieces were chosen to "highlight, for each group, one passage that receives particular expression and value in their art."</text>
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                <text>Roark-Calnek, Sue</text>
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                <text>Creative Artists Migrant Program Services collection, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts</text>
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                <text>Concept Sketches for "Passages" Exhibit</text>
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                <text>Two pages from a series of several different concepts for retrospective show on migrant farmworkers. Created by a professor of anthropology at SUNY Geneseo, &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/1985" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;the exhibit showed&lt;/a&gt; the experiences of four different cultural groups--Mexican, Algonquin Native, Haitian, and African American--each of which has a kiosk in the show.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The drawing also are of interest to demonstrate the extent to which telling migrant stories required the acquisition of new skills outside of professional fields. There simply wasn't the funding for large departments associated with larger galleries, so Genesee Migrant Center staff and allies did it themselves.</text>
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                <text>Commercial exchange concerns a Wadsworth family order of labels, perhaps for use upon nursery stock</text>
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                <text>Creative Artists Migrant Program Services collection, Genesee  Council on the Arts</text>
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                <text>Based upon &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;an Aztec story&lt;/a&gt;, the Mexican coat of arms depicts a golden eagle perched upon a prickly pear cactus devouring a snake. The founding of Tenochtitlan, the island at Mexico City's center, had been prophesied to the Aztecs by traveling until they saw an eagle--symbol of the sun god Huitzilopochtli--upon an &lt;em&gt;opuntia&lt;/em&gt;. The presence of a serpent in this story may have been due to a European mis-translation, but regardless it was adopted as the national emblem appearing on flags, passports, and official state documents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The drawing by Rodriguez places this traditional tableau in the foreground, and suggests that his home may have been in Mexico.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>This painting depicts a naval battle of consequence, during the War of 1812, between &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere"&gt;the USS &lt;em&gt;Constitution&lt;/em&gt; and HMS &lt;em&gt;Guerriere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; some 400 miles southeast of Nova Scotia. The latter ship was only part of a Royal Navy with large numerical advantage, attempting to enforce a blockade upon American merchant ships. In Rodgovin’s composition, we see the defeated English ship set afire and sinking in the foreground—its crew having surrendered and now prisoners aboard the &lt;em&gt;Constitution&lt;/em&gt; with the American flag flying proudly. Massed clouds provide a dramatic backdrop. In this the painting is accurate, for its emotional impact proved crucial to public support for the war.&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born in London, Rodvogin’s family immigrated to Hartford, CT in 1900. His parents ran a neighborhood grocery store while he drew pictures upstairs and studied with local artist T. J. Thurber. In 1923 Rodvogin received a scholarship to the Art Students League and moved to New York, returning home during the summers. “Then I’d be set for another winter of starvation in New York,” he later recalled (De Bona 111). Not a strong marketer of his own work, Rodvogin made ends meet by selling the occasional photograph or painting, notably a &lt;a href="http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19320104,00.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; magazine cover in 1932 of &amp;nbsp;the French Prime Minister Pierre Laval. Like “The Constitution and the Guerrere,” Rodvogin’s other WPA works seem to focus upon historic maritime subject matter: the &lt;em&gt;Mayflower&lt;/em&gt;, Battle of Lake Ontario, and so on. During World War II Rodvogin served in the US Navy as an aerial photographer. He returned to New York and then amidst dire straits in the 1950s was invited by the art critic and collector William Ronnick to live as artist-in-residence at a former mansion overlooking Long Island Sound in New London, CT&amp;nbsp; called the Lighthouse Inn. He continued to paint and lived to be nearly a hundred years old. 1 work at the &lt;a href="https://www.lymanallyn.org/the-gaze-returned-portrait-studio/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Lyman Allyn Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 5 more images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-19-folder-24" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Source Consulted&lt;/span&gt;: Joe De Bona, “He’s Losing His Fight Against Success,” &lt;em&gt;Hartford Courant&lt;/em&gt; 27 Feb. 1966: 110-111.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
Object #FA18253</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
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Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>September Bouquet</text>
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                <text>The vividness of this still life is the result of its muted brown background, combined with Rollo’s free use of white paint to highlight the tips of flowers in a vase. Shadows from light at the left side of his painting are minimized, creating an effect of the bouquet glowing with an illumination of its own. Casual field flowers thus transform a subdued domestic space.&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born Giuseppe Rollo in Ragusa, Italy, he immigrated with his family to the US in 1913 and lived in Chicago (the spelling of his name possibly dating to this time so as to differentiate him from a well-known boxer living in the city). He worked as a newsroom copy boy while studying at the Art Institute of Chicago, then moved to New York in the late 1920s. His work was exhibited in places like the Whitney Museum, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, and at different venues in Woodstock, NY. Based upon extant works, Rollo appears to have moved easily between landscape, still life, and portrait genres. In 1934 the PWAP commissioned him to paint the portrait of Chicago mayor Edward Joseph Kelly (&lt;em&gt;Chicago Tribune &lt;/em&gt;15 Jan. 1934: 4). 3 works at the &lt;a href="https://whitney.org/artists/1112" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Whitney Museum of American Art&lt;/a&gt;. 3 works at the &lt;a href="https://collections.hvvacc.org/digital/collection/waam/search/searchterm/Rollo%2C%20Joseph/field/creatb/mode/exact/conn/and" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Woodstock Artists Association &amp;amp; Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at the &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.34262.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at &lt;a href="https://www.dia.org/art/collection?keys=rollo&amp;amp;keyword=&amp;amp;start=&amp;amp;end=&amp;amp;sort_bef_combine=search_api_aggregation_6+ASC&amp;amp;Submit+Collection+Search=Search+Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Detroit Institute of the Arts&lt;/a&gt;. 2 works at the &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?q=%22joseph%20rollo%22&amp;amp;perPage=20&amp;amp;searchField=All&amp;amp;sortBy=relevance&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;pageSize=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 4 more images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-19-folder-30" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Rollo, Joseph “Jo”, 1904-2001</text>
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&#13;
Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
Object #FA18254</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>A white vase, holding what appears to be baby’s breath and several varieties of marigolds, sits upon a table. Its blaze of yellow, orange, and red overwhelms muted pinks and mauves of the table covering and wallpaper. Rollo accentuates this emphasis through his extemporaneous patterning of the wallpaper, a casual backdrop to the painting’s more detailed flowers. Note: this digital image comes from a photograph taken during the 1990s; the painting has disappeared from the New Deal Gallery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Born Giuseppe Rollo in Ragusa, Italy, he immigrated with his family to the US in 1913 and lived in Chicago (the spelling of his name possibly dating to this time so as to differentiate him from a well-known boxer living in the city). He worked as a newsroom copy boy while studying at the Art Institute of Chicago, then moved to New York in the late 1920s. His work was exhibited in places like the Whitney Museum, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, and at different venues in Woodstock, NY. Based upon extant works, Rollo appears to have moved easily between landscape, still life, and portrait genres. In 1934 the PWAP commissioned him to paint the portrait of Chicago mayor Edward Joseph Kelly (&lt;em&gt;Chicago Tribune &lt;/em&gt;15 Jan. 1934: 4). 3 works at the &lt;a href="https://whitney.org/artists/1112" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Whitney Museum of American Art&lt;/a&gt;. 3 works at the &lt;a href="https://collections.hvvacc.org/digital/collection/waam/search/searchterm/Rollo%2C%20Joseph/field/creatb/mode/exact/conn/and" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Woodstock Artists Association &amp;amp; Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at the &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.34262.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at &lt;a href="https://www.dia.org/art/collection?keys=rollo&amp;amp;keyword=&amp;amp;start=&amp;amp;end=&amp;amp;sort_bef_combine=search_api_aggregation_6+ASC&amp;amp;Submit+Collection+Search=Search+Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Detroit Institute of the Arts&lt;/a&gt;. 2 works at the &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?q=%22joseph%20rollo%22&amp;amp;perPage=20&amp;amp;searchField=All&amp;amp;sortBy=relevance&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;pageSize=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 4 more images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-19-folder-30" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Rollo, Joseph “Jo”, 1904-2001</text>
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                <text>Ritz, Abigail (photography) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA18255</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>While the title of this humorous cover art for&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Liberty&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;magazine is unknown, its editors thought it was appropriate for the backstory to Stephen Ronay's art. "Yes, it happened!" they write; "It simply proves that the war reaches into all walks of life--including the wet and slithery upstream walk of the hitherto sovereign American fisherman" (54).&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Noting that the incident occurred near Fort Pine, NY (modern-day Fort Drum), they briefly profile Ronay as a Hungarian immigrant who "made himself into one of America’s foremost landscape painters, the kind that holds one-man exhibitions in famous art galleries." His satirical and humorous cartoons allowed him to "let off steam"--as did fishing and saber-fencing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A comparison to the intense drama of Ronay's&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The Life Boat&lt;/em&gt;, painted for the Federal Arts Project, suggests that his artistic work spanned a wide range of styles and moods.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Liberty&lt;/em&gt; 19.14 (4 April 1942): cover&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/LibertyV19N1419420404/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Three months before Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, and direct US involvement in World War II, military mobilization was impacting many walks of American life. Here, a satirical cover juxtaposes the scale of an ice cream man--and the simpler life he symbolized--to massive tanks and planes. A pair of eyes peeping out from the tank suggest that the soldier prefers those peaceful times, as well. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stephen R. Ronay was a painter supported by the Federal Art Project during the 1930s, but he was equally adept at gently satirical cartoons like this and another one for the magazine eight months later.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Collier's&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;108.9 (30 Aug. 1941): cover&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/colliers108julspri/page/n496/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>By 1943, "stateside" civilian life in the US had been transformed by WWII. The War Production Board had been granted authority to conserve strategic resources, prioritize essential industrial work, and redistribute labor to support the war effort. Created in 1942, it was generally successful in its goals but the massive scope of its mandates also led to mis-allocations and frustrations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Congressman Robert Ramspeck (D-GA) was Chair of the House Civil Service Committee, and dedicated himself to locating inefficiences and wastes of taxpayer money. If it gained publicity, so much the better. "Civil Service Wonderland" was an occassional feature in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Collier's&lt;/em&gt; that gathered stories of absurd government waste that are a staple of American life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stephen Ronay's satirical cartoon illustrates a real-life complaint by one civil servant: "I was just one of more than 100 employees in that office, some of them being paid $6,000 and $8,000 a year, all sitting idle, as I was. Yet the walls were covered with pep slogans" (26). Along with many other examples, Ramspeck concluded that a drastic overhaul of the civil service system was necessary.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18097">
                <text>Ronay, Stephen R[obert] , 1900-1983</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18098">
                <text>Crowell-Collier Publishing</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18099">
                <text>1943-05-15</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18100">
                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18101">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;Collier's&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;111.20 (15 May 1943): 26&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/colliers111aprspri/page/n519/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>jpeg, 970 KB</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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        <name>Cartoon</name>
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        <name>Collier's</name>
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        <name>Stephen Ronay</name>
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        <name>War Production Board</name>
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        <name>World War II</name>
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