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                <text>A view of the Great Plains in Nebraska.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Abigail Ritz (photography)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elana Evenden (biography)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ken Cooper (biography)&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA18131&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This landscape illuminates the life of farmers working in Long Island, New York. The painting represents a time period when suburbia begins to emerge, as viewers can see the juxtaposition between the cityscape in the background and the simplicity of the farming. Cheney uses an impressionist style to show the farmers working in the foreground, their cultivated land in the middle and the cityscape in the back. The painter demonstrates his formal training by his use of atmospheric perspective, our view becoming blurrier the farther we look into the distance. Looking more closely, we see brush strokes used to paint in a muddled yet meticulous way. Cheney's style of painting may have been influenced by the impressionist movement in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born in Brookline, MA, Cheney attended Harvard University, where he trained with the Harvard ROTC.&lt;a href="https://archive.org/stream/NewEnglandaviatVol2Tick#page/320/mode/1up/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; During 1918-19&lt;/a&gt; he enlisted as a pilot specializing in aerial navigation, a background that seems to have influenced his art’s sometimes creative vantage points. Most of Cheney’s work was in lithography, often of western landscapes. He exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, City Art Museum of St. Louis, National Academy of Design, Los Angeles Museum, Paris Salon, and the Society of Independent Artists. In 1940 his lithograph “Winter Afternoon” was chosen to represent Vermont in the traveling exhibit&lt;a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020224583;view=1up;seq=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; “Contemporary Art of the United States,”&lt;/a&gt; which included contributions by artists Grant Wood, Georgia O’Keefe and N. C. Wyeth. 10 works at the &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.3743.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 7 works at&lt;a href="https://art.famsf.org/philip-cheney" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at&lt;a href="https://www.dia.org/art/collection?artist%5B0%5D=69053" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; Detroit Institute of Arts&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at&lt;a href="https://pafaarchives.omeka.net/items/show/40056" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts&lt;/a&gt;. 2 more images at&lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-4-folder-27" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; FAP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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&#13;
Cooper, Ken (biography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts&#13;
&#13;
Object #FA18174</text>
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                <text>A soothing rural landscape fades into the hazy distance. Its design is mostly symmetrical, save for a red barn and fence at left center; humans and livestock are conspicuous in their absence. Perhaps the painting's most remarkable feature is its almost kaleidoscopic foreground, bright and particular with color. It may be that Henning's &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.28852.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;extensive work on toleware&lt;/a&gt; for the Index of American Design influenced his palette of colors here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: We haven’t located much reliable information about this artist. He exhibited at the Brooklyn Artists Gallery (1932). 38 works at &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/collection-search-result.html?artist=Henning%2C%20Charles" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt; as part of &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/features/exhibitions/outliers-and-american-vanguard-artist-biographies/index-of-american-design.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Index of American Design&lt;/a&gt;. 6 images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-10-folder-35" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>This photograph was taken at the lower falls area at Letchworth State Park in Mt. Morris, NY. Notice that the colors and the tone throughout the photograph are homogenous. It is difficult to determine the separation between the natural and the inorganic. The moss covered stones of which the staircase is made, act as a sort of camouflage to the flood wall in which it has been inserted. </text>
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                  <text>Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (&lt;strong&gt;lumber mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (&lt;strong&gt;grist mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding wheat or other grains (&lt;strong&gt;flour mill&lt;/strong&gt;); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (&lt;strong&gt;paper mill&lt;/strong&gt;); fabricating metals (&lt;strong&gt;triphammer mill&lt;/strong&gt;); powering industrial equipment &lt;strong&gt;(textile mill&lt;/strong&gt;); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>Five miles downstream from here, the Genesee River empties into Lake Ontario at Charlotte, and the base of the falls has been a major spawning ground for salmon and lake trout until non-native fish like the alewife reduced their numbers. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/seth-green--home-waters"&gt;The fisherman Seth Green&lt;/a&gt; ran a large commercial operation nearby in the lower gorge; ironically, his success also contributed to declining stocks and led to his experiments in pisciculture and eventually a fish hatchery located in Caledonia, NY. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the time of this photograph, an extensive engineering project recently had constructed Rochester Gas &amp;amp; Electric's Hydro Station #15--a portion of which is shown at left--and transformed the falls themselves. An 80-foot long concrete facing raised the falls to a height of 96 feet and created an intake dam 17 feet in depth. The building at right is a remaining part of the settlement called McCrackenville, chartered in 1821 and best known as an industrial site: flour and paper milling, carpet-making, furniture manufacture, a tannery. In 1850 the city of Rochester annexed the land as part of its plans for residential development along Lake Avenue; eventually it was remade as Lower Falls Park, from which visitors have a spectacular view of the gorge.</text>
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                <text>From a trail below the falls, we look back upriver to a WPA-era stone bridge constructed by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) workers during the 1930s. This sort of organic stonework can be viewed at other locations in Western New York, like Stony Brook State Park in Dansville, Watkins Glen State Park in Watkins Glen, and Robert H. Treman State Park in Ithaca.</text>
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                <text>Scenic view of waterfall near Glen Iris Inn, located in present-day Letchworth State Park, accompanied W. S. Ward's essay "The Valley of the Genesee."</text>
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                <text>"Picturesque America; or, The Land We Live In. A Delineation by Pen and Pencil of the Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, Forests, Water-Falls, Shores, Cañons, Valleys, Cities, and Other Picturesque Features of our Country. With Illustrations on Steel and Wood. Vol 2. Ed. William Cullen Bryant. New York: D. Appleton &amp; Co., 1874: 356.</text>
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