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                <text>Gapstow Bridge, Central Park</text>
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                <text>Gobetz, Wally</text>
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                <text>2007-03-03</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://flic.kr/p/CjacE" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Via Flickr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CC BY-NC-ND 2.0</text>
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                <text>Situated at the northeast end of the pond in Central Park, the Gapstow Bridge was envsioned as part of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux's network of trails, tunnels, and bridges--both functional and aesthetically pleasing. This one was constructed in 1874 using a more elaborate wood and wrought iron design that did not age well; the current stone bridge was constructed in 1896.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This photograph is in OpenValley to approximate the location of New Deal artist Bruce Nelson, whose painting &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/2171" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Ridge&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (c. 1935) creates an idyllic spring setting where New York's modernist skyline and the park's artful nature are in pleasing balance.</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                <text>This image incorporates a lot of life within an oddly cropped picture of the Garcia Family. This image gives a look inside of the living conditions of migrant farmworkers, but not through the eyes of someone who knows them as a worker, instead the image acknowledges the family and the life migrant farmworkers have outside of the farm. </text>
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                <text>Razo, Martha</text>
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                <text>Dignan, Cecilia</text>
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                <text>Garcia Family at a Glance</text>
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                <text>Creative Artists Migrant Program Services collection, Genesee Valley Council on the Arts</text>
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                <text>Garcia Family Collage: "Daniel_R_B???"</text>
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                <text>The Geneseo Migrant Center has a collection of photographs the were created by at least three members of the family; there also are a handful of collages using those images. This one has an enigmatic annotation perhaps referencing the child's name who is the collage's subject.</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>1935-1940</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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              <text>Sheet: 17 3/4 x 23 in.&lt;br /&gt;Image: 15 3/4 x 21 in.</text>
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                <text>Garden Scene</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Two women are depicted holding one another, one nude and the other clothed. While the brushstrokes are liberated and cloud the painting, it is obvious there are another two figures in the background observing these women. This addition to the work creates depth and mystery to the subject matter. The lack of color in the print makes the scene appear even more murky and inscrutable. The figures are rendered in a way that is slightly abstracted, yet it is clear to the viewer that they are women. The expressions on the women’s faces are non-expressive and neither one is completely seen by the viewer. The effect is to evoke more allegorical garden scenes, if not Edenic then an encounter between nature and culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Robert Moir was born on 7 Jan. 1917 in Chicago, Illinois. He was a sculptor and lithographer, formally trained at the Art Institute of Chicago, Columbia University, New York University and the Art Students League of New York. Moir worked in the FAP’s Graphic Art Division, where he developed an emotive, expressionist style inflected with abstraction. As a &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; reviewer wrote of a solo sculpture show, its first impression was “one of energy contained with difficulty within the writing forms. Figure themes are presented in a semi-abstract manner, but their inspiration is emotional rather than purely formal” (Preston). A similar claim might be made of his earlier prints. Moir’s career came to a halt during the 1940s when he was drafted for WWII, then resumed with gallery shows in New York during the 1950s. His sculptures were featured at successive Whitney Bienniels between 1951-56, including &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/1951annualwhit/page/n6/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Cumulus&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/em&gt;(1951), &lt;em&gt;The Expanding Universe II &lt;/em&gt;(1953), and &lt;em&gt;Desire &lt;/em&gt;(1956). His sculpture &lt;em&gt;Mother and Child &lt;/em&gt;(1950) is held at the &lt;a href="https://whitney.org/artists/903" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Whitney Museum of American Art&lt;/a&gt;. He died on 11 Feb 1981. 14 graphic works at &lt;a href="https://www.artic.edu/collection?artist_ids=Robert%20Moir" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Art Institute of Chicago&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.philamuseum.org/collection?artist=Robert%20B.%20Moir" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;6 works at Philadelphia Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. 3 works at &lt;a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/robert-moir-3373" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Smithsonian American Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 7 images at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/people/2083/robert-moir/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;u&gt;Works Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: “Stuart Preston, “Sculpture Shown in Galleries Here, &lt;em&gt;New York Times &lt;/em&gt;9 Nov. 1951: 25 &lt;a href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/11/09/81777612.html?pageNumber=25" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Moir, Robert (1917 - 1981)</text>
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                <text>Federal Art Project</text>
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                <text>c. 1935</text>
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                <text>Copolla, Victoria (description and biography)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helquist, Morgan (photography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 1324</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
Ritz, Abigail (photography and project assistant)&#13;
&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Blacks and grays are used to create a scene of women working in a factory at sewing machines. Birkin uses this monochrome palette to create a sense of weariness: no light comes in through the dark windows, leaving miserly electric lights inside to shine down on the employees and their work. This dramatic disparity in lighting gives us the impression that they have spent hours inside the factory to earn what they can. Despite a feeling of weariness that the darkness conjures, there is also a strange calmness to the print, despite what would be a noisy and hectic factory. A grid of electric cords separates viewers from the workers, almost like looking in through a window. There is also a separation of the workers as well, through these wires as well as the lighting. We pick out individual workers and see them separately, rather than as a connected unit. While it's dark outside, the women do not seem to be panicked or worried about the passing time. They are calmly and stoically doing the work that needs to be done.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Born in Philadelphia, PA, Birkin was a talented artist who created pieces in many different styles and mediums. His studies kept him near home during the 1930s, learning first at the Fleischer Memorial Graphic Sketch Club for six years before attending the Philadelphia Museum College of Art. This education gave him a solid foundation in muralism, drawing, and painting; by 1939 he was exhibiting his tempera painting, &lt;em&gt;Cotton Pickers&lt;/em&gt;, at the New York World’s Fair. Birkin was employed by the Federal Arts Project between 1940 and 1942. He worked in watercolors, oils, and prints, exhibiting mostly in the Philadelphia area: the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Free Library, United Artists Gallery, Civic Theater, and various private galleries. Birkin also designed and painted several murals—at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Fort Meade, MD; at the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens; and one entitled “Juarez and Lincoln” at the Navy Department Building in Mexico City—none of which still exist, so far as we know. Over the next forty years, he continued both his own education (a master’s in fine arts from Temple University in 1952) and taught high school students in New Jersey for more than twenty years. Birkin’s works were shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Academy, and the Brooklyn Museum, along with various one-many shows at the Morris Gallery, New York. A detailed appreciation and extensive gallery of Birkin’s art is available at a &lt;a href="https://www.mortonbirkin.com/"&gt;website&lt;/a&gt; created by his son, David Birkin.</text>
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                <text>New Deal Museum, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 190</text>
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                  <text>This collection gathers documents for a Perry Knitting Co. exhibit on OpenValley. They are drawn from from three main sources.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, the Clark Rice Photography Collection at the Perry, NY Public Library. Rice was a prolific photographer in Western New York throughout the mid-20th century. This collection includes scans of his work, and copies of images from the turn of the century photographer Merrium Crocker, whose studio Rice purchased. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secondly, the Henry Page Local History Files. Page was president of First National Bank of Perry, and a local historian associated with the public library for nearly five decades. His uncle, William, had helped secure funding from the Carnegie Corporation for its establishment in 1900 and construction in 1914. The Page collection contains various historical materials and photographs accumulated by him over the years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thirdly, we draw upon various public domain texts, such as maps from the Library of Congress or &lt;a href="http://perrypubliclibrary.advantage-preservation.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;digitized articles from local newspapers&lt;/a&gt;. All images here are selections from these collections, chosen for their relevance to OpenValley project. We gratefully acknowledge the generosity of the Perry Public Library and its Director, Jessica Pacciotti.</text>
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                  <text>Meghan Cobo, Ken Cooper, Michaelena Ferraro, Melisha Gatlin, Andrew Gleason, Macaire Lisicki, Ben Michalak, Ethan Pelletier, Emma Raupp, Mariah Rockwell.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to Jessica Pacciotti at the Perry Public Library.</text>
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                <text>This photo contains the men and women of The Perry Knitting Mill.</text>
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                <text>Replica of a structure built in 1874 by William Pryor Letchworth, who also supplied students with books and a melodeon. The school was used for 60 years, then torn down in 1947 before this replica was built forty years later.</text>
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                  <text>Mills of Genesee Valley</text>
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                  <text>Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (&lt;strong&gt;lumber mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (&lt;strong&gt;grist mill&lt;/strong&gt;); grinding wheat or other grains (&lt;strong&gt;flour mill&lt;/strong&gt;); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (&lt;strong&gt;paper mill&lt;/strong&gt;); fabricating metals (&lt;strong&gt;triphammer mill&lt;/strong&gt;); powering industrial equipment &lt;strong&gt;(textile mill&lt;/strong&gt;); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century.</text>
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                <text>Genesee Falls, Belmont NY</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                <text>Courtesy of Ken Cooper</text>
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                <text>jpeg, 767 KB&#13;
jpeg, 557 KB</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Postcard view of waterfall in the town that is seat of government in Allegany County. Originally named Philipsville, its population grew rapidly following construction of an Erie Railroad line--pictured at left--in 1850. As of 1860 there were two sawmills and a flour mill using water power available in the area: in this postcard, the Genesee River, and less than a mile downstream its tributaries Philips Creek and Van Campen Creek.</text>
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                <text>1910-08-30</text>
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        <name>Belmont, NY</name>
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        <name>Erie Railroad</name>
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        <name>Genesee River</name>
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              <text>Photograph</text>
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              <text>9.5 x 33 in.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Genesee River View</text>
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                <text>Haines Photo Co., Conneaut, Ohio</text>
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                <text>1914</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2007662056/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wide-angle panorama of looks west where the Erie Canal crosses the aqueduct at present-day Broad Street. Its course points toward the tower of Rochester's city hall. Directly across the Genesee we see factory of Cluett Peabody &amp; Co., manufacturer of Arrow Shirt Collars; the smokestack to its right is topped by a statue of Mercury, created in 1881 for the Kimball Tobacco Co. formerly at this location. To the left, Court Street Bridge has railroad terminals on either side of the Genesee: on this side, the Lehigh Valley (still standing today as Dinosaur Bar B Que restaurant); on the far side the Erie Railroad. The sign at near right for the "People's Safety Show" probably dates the photo to 1914, advertising an exposition on worker safety at the Rochester Convention Center.</text>
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