38 10 1402 https://openvalley.org/files/original/133287c3fe49b05bc6d0be7b6c3bdb5e.jpg 4aff93dbc83df838bdb83fc81209e773 https://openvalley.org/files/original/62e5a28d392174bb035d65bbc72a66bf.jpg 2cd82126010510375bbef325b2733eb5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Five Arch Bridge, Avon NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rochester News Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-1920? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 771 KB jpeg, 310 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Description An account of the resource 200-foot stone viaduct was constructed by the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad sometime around 1856-57, crossing the outlet of Conesus Lake not far from where that creek joins the Genesee River. By 1859 the planned rail line between Mt. Morris and Rochester had been completed, but it struggled financially and eventually was leased to the Erie Railroad beginning in 1873. The viaduct's use of wooden timbers, visible in this photograph, led to ongoing structural concerns and perhaps accounts for the rail line's conversion to a small electric commuter route, which operated 13 runs daily between Mt. Morris and Rochester starting in 1907 and lasting into the late 1930s. The tracks were torn up in 1940 due to declining ridership in the age of automobiles, but the Five Arch Bridge has had an afterlife as a symbol of Avon history. Avon, NY Conesus Creek Conesus Lake Erie Railroad Five Arch Bridge Genesee River Genesee Valley Railroad Railroads https://openvalley.org/files/original/b2ba1b663a351af5cb2270c0487ff947.jpg 811b7584ca1ccdc43ea8067d9e2643d5 https://openvalley.org/files/original/f13b115394385ab8db874bd7c1e95c3a.jpg 71a2716fe2dc661b63371deab9d9e150 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mt. Hope Reservoir, Rochester NY Description An account of the resource In 1873 work began on a water system for the city of Rochester--an earlier one had failed due to poor construction--that would draw from Hemlock Lake in Livingston County, nearly thirty miles distant. By this point the growing city of some 70,000 still drew its water from wells and cisterns; diseases like cholera and dysentery were common because wells were located near cesspits. When a fire broke out the city depended upon water from the Erie Canal or Genesee River. Hemlock Lake was 385 feet higher than the reservoir and as such gravity fed. It was completed in 1876 and later, in 1919, was expanded to include nearby Canadice Lake. Today, what's now called the Highland Reservoir looks much as it did in this old photograph. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scrantom Wetmore & Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-1907 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 602 KB jpeg, 287 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Canadice Lake Hemlock Lake Highland Reservoir Mt. Hope Reservoir Post Card Rochester, NY Watershed https://openvalley.org/files/original/650e6cc709d945969f6414d589b04770.jpg 177dd256aa4222f7859763bf02a0c2b6 https://openvalley.org/files/original/8b8c1804639bad87117637c694462c63.jpg 4c906e86f4b2f67276ede8eabb1b1a40 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sheep Scene, Genesee Valley Park, Rochester NY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy Ken Cooper Description An account of the resource South Park, later taking its current name of Genesee Valley Park, was one of the last designed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted prior to his retirement. Work began in 1888, and in 1893 he suggested keeping a flock of sheep on its west side to evoke a pastoral mood and to keep the grass mowed. Flocks of sheep weren't uncommon at the time; the Sheep Field in Olmsted's central park started the trend in 1863, but the also were grazed in Brooklyn's Prospect Park, Franklin Park in Boston, Druid Hill Park in Baltimore, and Washington Park in Chicago. The sheep didn't remain for long, however, because in 1899 the pasture was converted into a golf course that still is in operation today alongside the Genesee River. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 664 KB jpeg, 476 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Frederick Law Olmsted Genesee River Genesee Valley Park Pastoral Rochester, NY Watershed https://openvalley.org/files/original/dea57e12ce4ff050aa649fa0c24a1b1e.jpg e7de87dfd78fe10abe8f03d27df5de7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York State Watersheds Description An account of the resource New York Department of Conservation Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image used courtesy of New York Department of Conservation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 35 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Map https://openvalley.org/files/original/1025ebc0db164225f1cfb80188798387.jpg 733221be45c977815509e32277eb572e https://openvalley.org/files/original/d2968d76aca1194b9d2358bbd0f147c4.jpg eb15c26980e21bf8fec14ea4d3bc4255 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mills of Genesee Valley Description An account of the resource Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (lumber mill); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (grist mill); grinding wheat or other grains (flour mill); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (paper mill); fabricating metals (triphammer mill); powering industrial equipment (textile mill); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines. This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upper Falls, Genesee River, Rochester NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rochester News Co. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 608 KB jpeg, 343 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Description An account of the resource At nearly 100 feet in height, the "High Falls" were a determining factor in the location of Rochester. Mills took advantage of the drop and the Genesee River's water flow in the form of mills, beginning in 1807 and especially in the years following construction of Brown's Race--which enabled numerous mills to operate along the western banks. Less than a mile upriver, the Erie Canal was routed so as to pass near this important manufacturing and milling location. At one point Rochester was milling more than 500,000 barrels of wheat flour per year before the wheat midge drastically curtailed production in the Genesee Valley. In the postcard, at left of the falls is Rochester Gas and Electric's Hydro Station #4 (since abandoned), and crossing the river is a New York Central Railroad viaduct. At right is the Gorsline Building, reconstructed in 1888 as a shoe factory after a major fire that killed perhaps 35 workers. Structural problems nearly led to its demolition, but it was partially demolished and renovated during the late 1990s for use as office space. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Genesee River High Falls Mill New York Central Railroad Post Card Rochester Gas and Electric Rochester, NY Upper Falls https://openvalley.org/files/original/48c5bded616e2fa9675ce7c4fbeeb025.jpg a3728c209bebee0ad5a72c23df4704aa https://openvalley.org/files/original/7c7feb9691d57f6fae2f70829f6997d2.jpg b07ed5d0fd9f9971e4270214f886c5b1 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kodak Park, Home of Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Manson News Agency Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-1945 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 628 KB jpeg, 259 KB Description An account of the resource Following the success of George Eastman's introduction of affordable cameras, the company's manufacturing infrastructure expanded rapidly. Postcard announces Rochester company as the "largest industry of its kind in the world." At its height in the mid-1960s, Kodak Park was comprised of 1,300 acres on a parcel four miles long, and housed 140 manufacturing buildings. At this location Kodak manufactured film, photographic paper, processing chemicals, magnetic tape, and some 4,000 other "research chemicals." 20,000 employees worked there, so the company's description of Kodak Park as "virtually a city within a city" was justified. As a consequence of its chemical production, Kodak Park also had an outsized ecological footprint--one that became increasingly public by the 1980s in the wake of Love Canal. Dioxin, methylene chloride, and many other hazardous wastes led to its status as (by far) the largest polluter in Western New York. Between 1974 and 2007, Kodak secretly operated a small nuclear reactor; in 2013 it was revealed that the company had buried radioactive waste at the western edge of this complex. The two large smokestacks at the photo's center were part of a coal-fired electrical plant that burned perhaps 600,000 tons of coal per year generting up to 200 megawatts--the equivalent of a city of 200,000. In 2018, one of only three such plants in New York state, converted to natural gas (also a fossil fuel). Several buildings were demolished, the plot of land was renamed Eastman Business Park, and its chemical reckoning continues. Works Consulted: Eastman Kodak, The Kodak Park Works: Where Kodak Film, Papers, and Chemicals are Made (1964) Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Coal Eastman kodak company Genesee River George Eastman Kodak Park Pollution Post Card Rochester, NY https://openvalley.org/files/original/0e9a94ce714466166919bf9fbeb26185.jpg a54a5450c39ff172fc79a407c4cafee6 https://openvalley.org/files/original/bcf7a9ea3e25d2919f15d0071eb96358.jpg 2c56b93826367ac1c654800176e9bb75 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Middle Falls of the Genesee, Rochester NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Souvenir Post Card Co., NY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909-08-18 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 736 KB jpeg, 465 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Description An account of the resource A mile and a half downstream from Rochester's Upper Falls (later, "High Falls"), its Middle Falls originally had a height of 25 feet and were featured in Thomas Davies' 1768 engraving of the area. Here, we see one of two masonry dams built at the site. In 1917, one of the old dams was demolished to build a new moveable one, whose primary function now was to channel water through a tunnel--20 feet in diameter, 1500 feet long--to a generating station located at the base of Lower Falls. That dam project may cause the "Middle Falls" to lose its designation as a waterfall, considered an "historical" one instead. Dam Genesee River Middle Falls, Rochester Rochester, NY Waterfalls Watershed https://openvalley.org/files/original/aad63460c02abdfc6b76603f22a6793f.jpg e5cc525465f0213e01162d979fae051e https://openvalley.org/files/original/2c8136a024ce5a0b90063d6ab5bfae65.jpg 90daac61a1b4561522b5a154591be4d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mills of Genesee Valley Description An account of the resource Before the commercial extraction of fossil fuels from the Oil Creek region of northern Pennsylvania, most mechanical work in the Genesee Valley was done by human and animal power, or some source ultimately derived from the sun: burning wood, wind power, or flowing water. The exception to this, of course, was coal--by the 1880s America's dominant source of energy. Due to the Genesee region's ample supply of wood and running water, along with the cost of shipping coal, it's quite common to find instances of various water mills in the area's history. They were adapted to a wide range of uses: cutting wood into timber and milling it into specialized shapes (lumber mill); grinding corn into animal feed or for distilling alcohol (grist mill); grinding wheat or other grains (flour mill); creating boxes and other products from wood pulp (paper mill); fabricating metals (triphammer mill); powering industrial equipment (textile mill); and by the 1880s creating electricity via turbines. This collection gathers various documents concerning mills in the Genesee Valley. In addition to images and written texts, there is also an interactive map illustrating the density of their usage during the mid-nineteenth century. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lower Falls of the Genesee, Rochester NY Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 663 KB jpeg, 331 KB Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scrantom Wetmore & Co., Publishers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905-1910 Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Description An account of the resource Five miles downstream from here, the Genesee River empties into Lake Ontario at Charlotte, and the base of the falls has been a major spawning ground for salmon and lake trout until non-native fish like the alewife reduced their numbers. <a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/seth-green--home-waters">The fisherman Seth Green</a> ran a large commercial operation nearby in the lower gorge; ironically, his success also contributed to declining stocks and led to his experiments in pisciculture and eventually a fish hatchery located in Caledonia, NY. At the time of this photograph, an extensive engineering project recently had constructed Rochester Gas & Electric's Hydro Station #15--a portion of which is shown at left--and transformed the falls themselves. An 80-foot long concrete facing raised the falls to a height of 96 feet and created an intake dam 17 feet in depth. The building at right is a remaining part of the settlement called McCrackenville, chartered in 1821 and best known as an industrial site: flour and paper milling, carpet-making, furniture manufacture, a tannery. In 1850 the city of Rochester annexed the land as part of its plans for residential development along Lake Avenue; eventually it was remade as Lower Falls Park, from which visitors have a spectacular view of the gorge. Genesee River Lower Falls, Rochester McCrackenville pisciculture Post Card Rochester Gas and Electric Rochester, NY Seth Green Watershed https://openvalley.org/files/original/7c4757bada09e91306a2628bbea99ae6.jpg 5c6f7d799171bb50ba6d4725b52154a6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bird's Eye View, Ulysses, PA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available H.K. Lane, Ulysses PA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900-1915 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://digitalcollections.powerlibrary.org/cdm/ref/collection/pulpl-uh/id/106">Courtesy of Ulysses Library Association</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 783 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Description An account of the resource Postcard shows township located in Potter County, formed in 1804 and so remote that as of the 1830s one gazetteer wrote: "So little indeed is the county known or visited, that its very representatives in the assembly have scarce traversed it" (Gordon). Near this location are the headwaters of three major rivers: the Genesee, the Allegheny, and the Susquehanna. Or put another way, water from here flows to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Gulf of Mexico, and Chesapeake Bay. The image on this postcard in all likelihood was created first as a panoramic map, wholly or partially funded by citizens wanting to advertise the community as a commercial destination. In the years since, however, population has remained sparse and Ulysses is better known for its white supremicist activities. Source consulted: Thomas Francis Gordon, <a href="https://archive.org/details/gazetteerofstatep00gord/page/384" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A Gazetteer of the State of Pennsylvania</a> (T. Belknap, 1832): 385. Allegheny River bird's eye view Genesee River Postcards Susquehanna River Ulysses, PA Watersheds https://openvalley.org/files/original/af8899d4fd4d5c08f160154d3b1e5ba3.jpg 381c415ab9928865bdec2900c9338ccf https://openvalley.org/files/original/1a015ba26607b4bb5fbe0908ae2a7c6a.jpg bdac5994cfb0e895eb3ee3630d8a98d6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource State Normal School, Geneseo NY Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Ken Cooper Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 597 KB jpeg, 251 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Description An account of the resource Hand-colored photograph shows "Old Main," built in 1871 to house the new Geneseo Normal and Training School. Since 1826 the town had been known for its highly regarded Temple Hill Academy, but a rift within the Presbyterian Church threatened its funding. An authorization by the New York State legislature, in 1866, for chartering four new normal schools therefore prompted efforts to locate one of them in Geneseo. Political opposition and inadequate funding thwarted the first attempt; however, support by Craig W. Wadsworth helped facilitate approval in 1869. The school opened two years later with William J. Milne as its principal, overseeing thirteen teachers and 354 students. The institution had a program for elementary grades and an "Academic" program for adolescents. In 1905, changes to teacher certification--including a required four years of high school for admission--were reflected in the new designation of State Normal School. In 1948 the (now) college was integrated into the new State University of New York system. Old Main was demolished three years later as part of an extensive building plan, its location now encompassing Welles, Wadsworth, and Erwin Halls. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Clancy's Yellow Front, Geneseo NY Albertype Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-1930 Craig W. Wadsworth Geneseo Normal School Geneseo, NY Old Main Post Card SUNY Geneseo