36 10 1402 https://openvalley.org/files/original/d40738495a1edb67e784b6360d2c26fb.jpeg 29592e9125195eab787409785941e69b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Photograph made from glass negative Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 8 x 10 in. or smaller Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource State, War, and Navy Building Description An account of the resource Located in Washington, DC, this impressive building was designed in the French Second Empire style. As its name suggests the structure housed several important departments that eventually outgrew available space. The building still stands today, known as the "Old Executive Office Building" or the "Eisenhower Executive Office Building." The image appears in OpenValley as part of an exhibit on Isabel Fraser Harmon's work during World War I at a YWCA Hostess House located at Camp Meade, MD. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harris & Ewing Collection, Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Shorpy.com / Wikimedia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 280 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Department of War Isabel Fraser Harmon Washington, DC World War I https://openvalley.org/files/original/531a25b436b8f84eb775affb6082bc75.jpg 8f74489b7c050e2ad42af7b054152c06 https://openvalley.org/files/original/7ed6c300427620c584c0bdb3483d79f2.jpg e4007b05e2a241c07f93002d4e4e12bd Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Map Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 7.8 x 7.4 in Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh Railway Description An account of the resource Map from the company's 1897 annual report shows the extent of this primarily industrial railroad, whose main purpose was to deliver coal from Pennsylvania mines to the industrial cities of Rochester and Buffalo. From the latter location, coal could be shipped via the Great Lakes. For a brief history of the BR&P in Mumford, see <a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/caledonia-1892/item/808">here</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthews, Northrop & Co., Buffalo NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh Railway Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1897 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Scan by Google for HathiTrust Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1. jpeg, 1.7 MB 2. jpeg, 125 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh Railway Map https://openvalley.org/files/original/33b3037d220d833c06875cbf08819c86.jpg b20ef040c2b3670161084b99ed438d36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caledonia 1892 Description An account of the resource This collection of images is based upon <a href="https://openvalley.org/files/original/3ae1204165be3bf753a4d31e568da22a.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an 1892 birds-eye panorama of Caledonia, NY</a> published by Burleigh Litho of Troy, NY. According to John William Reps, Lucien R. Burleigh was responsible—whether as artist or publisher—for some 228 lithographic city views (it is possible, even likely that the Caledonia map was executed by an employee named Christian Fausel). Trained as a civil engineer, economic recession pressed Burleigh into finding other ways of making a living. He began city viewmaking during the 1870s and by the mid-1880s was well established in his profession. His usual practice was to work from an available map, determine the most advantageous viewpoint (for a village like Caledonia, typically 1500 feet above the ground), and making small sketches at the street level. Another important task during a two- or three-week stay was soliciting subscriptions for the panorama: it took perhaps 100 persons, each paying $2.50-3:00 for a map, for the project to break even. The Burleigh map’s legend provides us with a snapshot of Caledonia in 1892, just recovering from a major fire in 1891. It lists railroad stations, churches, the public school, and even Seth Green’s fish hatchery, but a majority of the numbered locations are commercial enterprises—a likely base of customers for purchasing copies of the completed work. Using old newspapers and trade magazines, this collection has gathered advertising from most of the businesses. Its purpose is to populate an interactive map for the “Heraldry” section of the “Clans of Caledonia” exhibit, where we see immigrant affiliations interacting with national and commercial icons—a complex process of so-called “Americanization.” Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Thanks to Tom Tryniski, Fulton History Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Book illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cross Botonee Description An account of the resource This resonant symbol appears near the end of a 1904 history of the Western New York Diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It was fairly common in the Anglican church and its Episcopal branches in the United States, one of them St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in Caledonia, NY. Called a cross botonee (or bottony), the three "buds" at each of four arms sometimes are taken to stand for the twelve apostles. Its design also references the four apostles in symbolic form: Matthew (the angel at top), Mark (the winged lion), Luke (the winged bull), and John (the eagle). Finally, we see a pair of crossed croziers, emblematic of the shepherd's pastoral staff. These elements sometimes found their way into ecclesiastical and familial heraldry--not easy to untangle from the Scottish clan heraldry in Caledonia. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scrantom, Wetmore Co., Rochester NY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles Wells Hayes, "The Diocese of Western New York: History and Recollections" (Rochester: Scrantom, Wetmore, 1904): 408. Courtesy Internet Archive Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 111 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Book illustration Caledonia, NY Episcopal Church St. Andrew's Episcopal Church https://openvalley.org/files/original/e2fedeba03902bd39c0bf79edf2903f1.jpg 271f1e307dd102f50daf761f79d744ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caledonia 1892 Description An account of the resource This collection of images is based upon <a href="https://openvalley.org/files/original/3ae1204165be3bf753a4d31e568da22a.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an 1892 birds-eye panorama of Caledonia, NY</a> published by Burleigh Litho of Troy, NY. According to John William Reps, Lucien R. Burleigh was responsible—whether as artist or publisher—for some 228 lithographic city views (it is possible, even likely that the Caledonia map was executed by an employee named Christian Fausel). Trained as a civil engineer, economic recession pressed Burleigh into finding other ways of making a living. He began city viewmaking during the 1870s and by the mid-1880s was well established in his profession. His usual practice was to work from an available map, determine the most advantageous viewpoint (for a village like Caledonia, typically 1500 feet above the ground), and making small sketches at the street level. Another important task during a two- or three-week stay was soliciting subscriptions for the panorama: it took perhaps 100 persons, each paying $2.50-3:00 for a map, for the project to break even. The Burleigh map’s legend provides us with a snapshot of Caledonia in 1892, just recovering from a major fire in 1891. It lists railroad stations, churches, the public school, and even Seth Green’s fish hatchery, but a majority of the numbered locations are commercial enterprises—a likely base of customers for purchasing copies of the completed work. Using old newspapers and trade magazines, this collection has gathered advertising from most of the businesses. Its purpose is to populate an interactive map for the “Heraldry” section of the “Clans of Caledonia” exhibit, where we see immigrant affiliations interacting with national and commercial icons—a complex process of so-called “Americanization.” Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Thanks to Tom Tryniski, Fulton History Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Book illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Auspice Maria Description An account of the resource "Under the Protection of Mary" is the usual translation for this emblem blessing the Catholic Church's approved ceremonial book. First published in 1829, it was by 1894 in its 8th edition and used in churches like St. Columba in Caledonia, NY. Ecclesiastical heraldry shows the book's approval to have been made by a bishop: the "galero" hat at top, and the ten tassels underneath on each side. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John B. Piet & Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1894 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Joseph Rosati, "Ceremonial for the Use of the Catholic Churches in the United States of America," 8th ed. (Philadelphia: H. L. Kilner & Co., 1894): iii. Internet Archive Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Book illustration Caledonia, NY St. Columba Catholic Church https://openvalley.org/files/original/abd7eaebeed4550f68f611150e5a7e34.jpg 147088ffb1f5a5f15b4001f7e0baa97c https://openvalley.org/files/original/be40180ee5356094733c39b209542939.jpg 71101fa01636667a6787d39aed15cf39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caledonia 1892 Description An account of the resource This collection of images is based upon <a href="https://openvalley.org/files/original/3ae1204165be3bf753a4d31e568da22a.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an 1892 birds-eye panorama of Caledonia, NY</a> published by Burleigh Litho of Troy, NY. According to John William Reps, Lucien R. Burleigh was responsible—whether as artist or publisher—for some 228 lithographic city views (it is possible, even likely that the Caledonia map was executed by an employee named Christian Fausel). Trained as a civil engineer, economic recession pressed Burleigh into finding other ways of making a living. He began city viewmaking during the 1870s and by the mid-1880s was well established in his profession. His usual practice was to work from an available map, determine the most advantageous viewpoint (for a village like Caledonia, typically 1500 feet above the ground), and making small sketches at the street level. Another important task during a two- or three-week stay was soliciting subscriptions for the panorama: it took perhaps 100 persons, each paying $2.50-3:00 for a map, for the project to break even. The Burleigh map’s legend provides us with a snapshot of Caledonia in 1892, just recovering from a major fire in 1891. It lists railroad stations, churches, the public school, and even Seth Green’s fish hatchery, but a majority of the numbered locations are commercial enterprises—a likely base of customers for purchasing copies of the completed work. Using old newspapers and trade magazines, this collection has gathered advertising from most of the businesses. Its purpose is to populate an interactive map for the “Heraldry” section of the “Clans of Caledonia” exhibit, where we see immigrant affiliations interacting with national and commercial icons—a complex process of so-called “Americanization.” Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Thanks to Tom Tryniski, Fulton History Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 7 x 10 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Residence, Warehouse and Elevator of Wm. Hamilton, Caledonia, Livingston County, NY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lyth, J. (John), 1821-1886 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D. Mason & Co., Syracuse NY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (Syracuse, NY: D. Mason & Co., 1881): following p. 456. <a href="https://archive.org/details/1687historyofliv00smit/page/n652/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtesy of Internet Archive</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1. jpeg, 952 KB 2. jpeg, 391 KB Description An account of the resource The son of a Scottish immigrant, Hamilton was born 1832 in Le Roy and grew up on a farm. After a brief time spent as a teacher in the upper midwest, Hamilton returned to Caledonia, married Jane Vallance, and had five children. Hamilton was a leading figure in the community, praised by James Smith for his "invincible energy and active business ability." He died in 1912. These engravings show a portion of his property located next to the New York Central RR, the elevator inset and enlarged as a separate file. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Caledonia, NY Grain elevator New York Central Railroad William Hamilton https://openvalley.org/files/original/d8a8626d9bf006affc2da0529359ed9f.jpg 547699a92b7fae0897870c46c4fe26aa https://openvalley.org/files/original/8e99f09432fa90b79bd99d75443d32d1.jpg 19cf12729878903d36dd6c7868eeff09 https://openvalley.org/files/original/aacb8cd79184e06646b60ee1ff92021e.jpg 2dd88c9065dc6bb089e22528d4fd1f78 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 3.5 x 5 in. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource School No. 5, Caledonia NY Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Quality Drug Store, Caledonia NY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-04-30 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1. jpeg, 925 KB 2. jpeg, 553 KB 3. jpeg, 880 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard Description An account of the resource Postmarked 1910, the former Caledonia School had been integrated into New York's Union Free School district since 1895, and designated as the town's high school since 1898. In 1914, the older structure would be rebuilt in brick and serve its function until 1939, when Caledonia-Mumford High School on North Road took over. Today, the building is home to the Big Springs Historical Society Museum. Caledonia School #5 Caledonia, NY Post Card https://openvalley.org/files/original/37b966621f9cd62c8e6794a11b61ea5d.jpg 188f7c05a25cdf7ad44af3a176365aed Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Child Labor Description An account of the resource Magazine illustration dates to a period when women’s suffrage and socialism were commingling in productive new ways. Here, Braverman's image perhaps redeploys American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality--that is, simply thinking of children as "the nation's chief asset" in terms of health was limited. The wings of allegorical figure also protects children from economic exploitation. At the time of this illustration Braverman’s job title was “Associate Editor and Circulation Manager” for The Progressive Woman in Chicago; he also produced much of the magazine’s art. It was founded as The Socialist Woman in 1907 by Josephine Conger-Kaneko and in 1913 would become The Coming Nation before folding in 1914. After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and as socialist unity fragmented under the duress of Palmer Raids and systematic anti-red legislation, Braverman became disillusioned and moved into poster art and advertising. By the 1920s he worked for the Curtis Company agency in Detroit, MI and then the Hamman group in Oakland, CA. He played a central role in smuggling copies of James Joyce’s banned novel Ulysses into America in 1922. Later Braverman created works for the Federal Art Project, including a work held by the New Deal Gallery at Mt. Morris: . He had a great interest in films, during the 1940s working upon an authorized biography of the director D.W. Griffith that never was published. He lived the last years of his life in St. Paul, MN. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Braverman, Barnet (1888-1965) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Progressive Woman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 376 KB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The Progressive Woman" 7.72-73 (June-July 1913): cover. Type The nature or genre of the resource Illustration Barnet Braverman New Deal socialism The Progressive Woman https://openvalley.org/files/original/501a4fbb02e4ec38c0f6e6537b1551b0.jpg 94625704de696132be596406e1d50d0e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource House Drudge Description An account of the resource Magazine cover dates to a period when women’s suffrage and socialism were commingling in productive new ways. Here, women's oppression within the home by husbands is linked to "man-made law" enacted without enfranchisement. As with other Braverman images, women appear as heroic figures contained by multiple social forces. At the time of this illustration Braverman’s job title was “Associate Editor and Circulation Manager” for The Progressive Woman in Chicago; he also produced much of the magazine’s art. It was founded as The Socialist Woman in 1907 by Josephine Conger-Kaneko and in 1913 would become The Coming Nation before folding in 1914. After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and as socialist unity fragmented under the duress of Palmer Raids and systematic anti-red legislation, Braverman became disillusioned and moved into poster art and advertising. By the 1920s he worked for the Curtis Company agency in Detroit, MI and then the Hamman group in Oakland, CA. He played a central role in smuggling copies of James Joyce’s banned novel Ulysses into America in 1922. Later Braverman created works for the Federal Art Project, including a work held by the New Deal Gallery at Mt. Morris: "Down and Out" (1937). He had a great interest in films, during the 1940s working upon an authorized biography of the director D.W. Griffith that never was published. He lived the last years of his life in St. Paul, MN. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Braverman, Barnet (1888-1965) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Progressive Woman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The Progressive Woman" 7.71 (May 1913): cover Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustration Barnet Braverman New Deal socialism Suffrage Movement The Progressive Woman https://openvalley.org/files/original/0d7bede47d472449c3cf7680f93bb3a0.jpg 61913133dbcdec2567da2786a37a4336 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Masthead for "The Coming Nation" Description An account of the resource At the time of this illustration Braverman’s job title was “Associate Editor and Circulation Manager” for The Coming Nation," published in Chicago; he also produced much of the magazine’s art. It had been founded as "The Socialist Woman" in 1907 by Josephine Conger-Kaneko and in 1909 changed its name to "The Progressive Woman." The final iteration shown above lasted only a year before folding in 1914. After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and as socialist unity fragmented under the duress of Palmer Raids and systematic anti-red legislation, Braverman became disillusioned and moved into poster art and advertising. By the 1920s he worked for the Curtis Company agency in Detroit, MI and then the Hamman group in Oakland, CA. He played a central role in smuggling copies of James Joyce’s banned novel Ulysses into America in 1922. Later Braverman created works for the Federal Art Project, including a work held by the New Deal Gallery at Mt. Morris: “Down and Out” (1937). He had a great interest in films, during the 1940s working upon an authorized biography of the director D.W. Griffith that never was published. He lived the last years of his life in St. Paul, MN. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Braverman, Barnet (1888-1965) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Coming Nation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The Coming Nation" 1.6 (April 1914): 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg, 376 KB Type The nature or genre of the resource Illustration Barnet Braverman New Deal socialism The Coming Nation The Progressive Woman https://openvalley.org/files/original/539f7a6fd5a50af60236d14cf6b76b74.jpg 930f3aad6f38eddab6efbffaa6dc4f54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data Illustration Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Woman's Day Description An account of the resource Magazine cover dates to a period when women’s suffrage and socialism were commingling in productive new ways. Here, three different social ills are linked to the absence of suffrage: a mother and daughter under the tyranny of a patriarchal father, an impoverished prostitute with her son watching on, and an economically precarious mother alone. Suffrage was just part of a larger progressive agenda symbolized by the large allegorical figure. At the time of this illustration Braverman’s job title was “Associate Editor and Circulation Manager” for The Coming Nation," published in Chicago; he also produced much of the magazine’s art. It had been founded as "The Socialist Woman" in 1907 by Josephine Conger-Kaneko and in 1909 changed its name to "The Progressive Woman." The final iteration shown above lasted only a year before folding in 1914. After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and as socialist unity fragmented under the duress of Palmer Raids and systematic anti-red legislation, Braverman became disillusioned and moved into poster art and advertising. By the 1920s he worked for the Curtis Company agency in Detroit, MI and then the Hamman group in Oakland, CA. He played a central role in smuggling copies of James Joyce’s banned novel Ulysses into America in 1922. Later Braverman created works for the Federal Art Project, including a work held by the New Deal Gallery at Mt. Morris: “Down and Out” (1937). He had a great interest in films, during the 1940s working upon an authorized biography of the director D.W. Griffith that never was published. He lived the last years of his life in St. Paul, MN. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Braverman, Barnet (1888-1965) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Coming Nation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cooper, Ken Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The Coming Nation" 1.5 (Mar. 1914): cover Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustration Barnet Braverman socialism Suffrage Movement The Coming Nation The Progressive Woman