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                <text>The title of this painting is paradoxical, since none of the trees depicted appear to be the fruiting varieties usually associated with commercial orchards. Nor is it entitled "Arboretum," a collection of species under a landscaping rubric. Instead, Aberathy asks us to think about the relation between humans—represented in the two figures at lower right—and the fecundity of nature beyond our own definitions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the Artist: &lt;/span&gt;Abernathy, Inez. (1873-1956) Born in Summerville, AR, Abernathy studied at the Art Academy in Cincinnati and later in Europe. She supported herself by teaching art and elocution at Belmont College (TN), Stanford Female College (KY), Columbia Female Institute (TN), the University of Arkansas, and the&lt;a href="https://fsuspecialcollections.wordpress.com/tag/inez-abernethy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; Florida Female College&lt;/a&gt;. At this last institution, when a fire broke out Abernathy guided her students to safety rather than saving her own art and equipment; the Florida legislature passed a special bill to help compensate her loss (&lt;em&gt;The Weekly True Democrat&lt;/em&gt; 29 Sept 1905: 1). She studied art for a period in Paris, and her painting “Reverie” was shown at the 1902 Salon des artistes français, described by one reporter as “the full-length figure of a girl seated, with a background of dull blues and yellows. A springtime freshness pervades the picture” (&lt;em&gt;San Francisco Chronicle &lt;/em&gt;26 Oct. 1902: 6). Her works were exhibited at the Academy of Fine Art, Philadelphia, and the National Academy of Design. Two more digital images from&lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; FAP&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Abernathy, Inez, 1873-1956</text>
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                <text>1939-06-12</text>
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                <text>Cooper, Ken</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Archives of American Art, Federal Art Project, Photographic Division, Box 1, Folder 4.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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                  <text>Cooper, Ken (project director)&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>Dangerous Crossing</text>
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                <text>Abramovitz's woodcut print creates a heavy contrast thanks to it monochrome color scheme. Every etch in this engraving appears to be done with the same tool: fine, intricate lines create every form, figure, and detail in the piece. This approach to engraving gives the print a sketch-like appearance. The background confirms that the setting of this work is placed in a city, with tall buildings and shops taking up the middle ground and background. The focal point of the work is a woman who is crossing the city street--she is walking away from the viewer while simultaneously looking back at us, her head turned and face bearing an expression of wariness. The woman has two children with her, both of whom also look at the viewer: one older child who is holding her hand, and an infant who she is carrying under her arm. Behind them, there is another female figure, but the etching done on her is less intricate than the figures in the foreground, and thus her facial features are impossible to make out. The image feels tense, and for good reason: This image portrays the uncertainty and stress of raising children during the Great Depression, not simply crossing a street. It is a mother’s duty to protect her children, and the woman we see in this painting is doing just that. She appears on edge, with her body language positioned to seem as if she is protecting her children.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;The scene shows that mothers, even in the face of economic collapse, had the responsibility of both caring for and protecting their children from the adversity of the time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Albert Abramovitz was an American painter and printmaker known for his expressive woodcuts and socially conscious imagery. He was born in Riga, Latvia, to a Jewish family. Abramovitz received early artistic training in Odessa before continuing his studies in Paris at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. During his time in Europe, he gained recognition by exhibiting at major salons, and he would win the Grand Prize at the 1911 Universal Exposition. He later joined the jury of the Salon d’Automne in 1913. In 1916, Abramovitz immigrated to the United States, where he spent the remainder of his career. He held his first solo exhibition in Manhattan, in 1921, and later lived in Los Angeles before returning to Brooklyn. He produced prints that reflected political and social realities that were topical. An early reviewer wrote of his painting that, “though varied in subject, it is animated by a single high ideal—the earnest search for a higher truth than dwells on the surface of things” (Anderson). His work became more closely associated with the social and economic struggles of the early 20th century, particularly during the Great Depression. Abramovitz worked for the Federal Art Project during this time, specifically under the Graphic Arts Division, creating prints that were social commentaries on the state of the world. Through wood engravings and linocuts, he depicted unemployment, urban hardship, and everyday life, often emphasizing themes of poverty and resilience. His works were often praised for their subtle theming, and at the time, he was considered a master at his craft due to this, as well as for his skill in creating engravings with such fine detailing. His art frequently carried strong emotional and symbolic elements, sometimes addressing disaster, human suffering, and adversity. Abramovitz died in 1963 in New York. Today, he is remembered as an important figure in American printmaking, particularly for his ability to combine technical precision with powerful social commentary. 65 works at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/artists/794/albert-abramovitz/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA Fine Arts Collection&lt;/a&gt;. 23 works at &lt;a href="https://brierhillgallery.com/albert-abramovitz-" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Brier Hill Gallery&lt;/a&gt;. 21 works at &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Albert+Abramovitz" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 10 works at &lt;a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?page=1&amp;amp;page_size=15&amp;amp;q=Albert+Abramovitz" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Victoria and Albert Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 8 works at the &lt;a href="https://www.nga.gov/artists/33107-albert-abramovitz" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt;.6 works at &lt;a href="https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/2641/Abramovitz/Albert" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The Annex Galleries&lt;/a&gt;. 2 works at &lt;a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/albert-abramovitz-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Smithsonian American Art Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at &lt;a href="https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/artist/15400" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Spencer Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;. 1 work at &lt;a href="https://benuri.org/artists/38-albert-abramovitz/works/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Ben Uri Gallery and Museum&lt;/a&gt;. 4 images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;. 6 images at &lt;a href="https://art.gsa.gov/people/794/albert-abramovitz/objects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;GSA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;u&gt;Works Consulted&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Who Was Who in American Art&lt;/em&gt;, ed. Peter Falk (1985) &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_the-los-angeles-times_1925-12-06/page/43/mode/1up?q=%22albert+abramovitz%22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;; Annex Galleries, “Albert Abramovitz” &lt;a href="https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/2641/Abramovitz/Albert" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;; Antony Anderson, “Albert Abramovitz in Varied Exhibit” (&lt;em&gt;Los Angeles Times&lt;/em&gt; 6 Dec. 1925: 43) &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_the-los-angeles-times_1925-12-06/page/43/mode/1up?q=%22albert+abramovitz%22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Papapietro, Isabella (description and biography)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helquist, Morgan (photography)</text>
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                <text>New Deal Gallery, Mount Morris NY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Object #FA 1066</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Additional research: Justin Anderson, Jessica Apthorpe, Jay Bang, Kristopher Bangsil, Julia Caldwell, Sydney Cannioto, Sabrina Chan, Paige Closser, Victoria Domon, Elana Evenden, Yadelin Fernandez, Michael Griffin, Madison Jackson, Niamh McCrohan, Ben Michalak, Ricky Noel, Elizabeth Ramsay, Skye Rose, Samantha Schmeer, John Serbalik, Marianna Sheedy, Emily Spina, Alison Stern, Ravenna VanOstrand, and Nicholas Vanamee.&#13;
&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>A table supports a toppled paper bag of fruit, strewn directly on the table or on a white cloth. In the background is an empty vase. The wooden furniture is so shiny that fruit reflects off of its surfaces The light source is unclear, but a curtain in the background suggests there is probably a window which could be partially unshaded, thus providing the scene with light.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About The Artist:&lt;/span&gt; Born in Frostburg, MD, Abramson (whose first name sometimes is spelled Hirshel) studied at the Maryland Institute of Fine Arts and later in Paris with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;André L’hote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. He painted in a Cumberland, MD studio before moving to New York City in 1931 where he showed at the Ainslee Galleries. A critic for the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;New York &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Times admired his work for incorporating “the best qualities of the L’hote Academy—architectonic composition and integrated color—into really fine canvases. His still-lifes, too, with the shimmering tones of cloth and fruit woven with contrapuntal into rich color fugues, justify the discipline of cubism” (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;New York Times &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;19 June 1932: 25). 7 more images at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;FAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:East_Delaware_Aqueduct_building_Pepackton_Reservoir_NY1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection of more than 200 paintings owes its existence to two primary causes: allocations from the Federal Art Project to a New York state tuberculosis sanatorium located at Mt. Morris--the landscapes and still lifes were thought to be restful--and to the committed volunteers who helped preserve the paintings after the hospital closed. For several decades the canvases were stored in non-climate-controlled basements; it appears that doctors and staff removed at least three dozen works as "keepsakes." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the seeming tranquility of the paintings, they were created by artists primarily from New York City whose background was more political and aesthetically adventurous than this rural location would indicate. &lt;a href="https://openvalley.org/exhibits/show/green-new-deal/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Follow this hyperlink to a short introduction to the New Deal Gallery collection&lt;/a&gt;. We're grateful to the Genesee Valley Council on the Arts for access to their collection, which has been re-photographed and appears here at two resolutions: a cropped, web-friendly file size of around 1 MB; and a high-resolution file including the painting's frame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Items in this collection were created according to a consistent format: a short description of each painting in formal terms, followed by a biography of each artist. Where possible we have supplied hyperlinks relevant to their lives and to other examples of their art. In order to better view them using the Omeka program, click on the "View All" option at the bottom of this page to access various sorting options.</text>
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&#13;
Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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                <text>We look upon a remarkably minimalist still life--sixteen apples upon a wooden board or table--but by the time of Adler's painting they were highly charged objects due to the thousands of minimally employed apple vendors on New York streets during the Great Depression. Keeping this in mind, we see an insistence upon each apple being represented individually, and for that matter each row of wood laminated into the wooden board. Adler's light and colors are direct, with very little shadow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;About the Artist&lt;/span&gt;: Born in New York, Adler was the son of Russian immigrants—his father a dressmaker and eventual NDG artist Joseph Adler. Fred studied two years at National Academy of Design, then two more at the Art Students League with &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Soyer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Raphael Soyer&lt;/a&gt;. At age twenty he was employed by the Federal Art Project and assigned to a Civilian Conservation Corps project in Milford, IA where he “sketch[ed] characteristic moments in camp life” (&lt;em&gt;Milford Mail&lt;/em&gt; 6 Sept 1934: 2). In 1940 his “Still Life With Herring” was selected for a Musuem of Modern Art traveling exhibition called &lt;a href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/2979?locale=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;“35 Under 35.”&lt;/a&gt; Along with NDG artists Herman Copen and Ben Delman, Adler’s painting “Avenue C market” was included in a 1941 show focused upon “Market Scenes,” and held at the USDA’s Surplus Marketing Department in New York. 1 painting at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Smithsonian Museum of American Art&lt;/a&gt;. 8 more images at &lt;a href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/federal-art-project-photographic-division-collection-5467/series-1/box-1-folder-30" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;FAP&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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Special thanks to: Deborah Bump, Mark Calicchia, Elizabeth Harris, Melissa Moody, Rebecca Lomuto, and Mai Sato.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="532">
        <name>Genesee Gorge Series</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="73">
        <name>Genesee River</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>Letchworth State Park</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="386">
        <name>Upper Falls</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
