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https://openvalley.org/files/original/cbed1aa9ba38039b5d25e454e27993db.jpg
0b7e2239fd4cdfecd052a8f22bb2704a
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data
Lithograph
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Disruptive Coloration Camouflage
Description
An account of the resource
One of the earliest proponents of adapting land-based camouflage to military naval craft was William A. Mackay, whose "disruptive coloration" or "low visibility dazzle" system is pictured here. Later it was used to re-paint the troop transport <a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/923"><em>US DeKalb</em></a> during the last year of World War I.<br /><br />Mackay was an artist who beginning in 1912 used his knowledge of optics and color to improve upon the standard method of painting warships gray—an important consideration given the success of German submarines. His theory was a modified pointillism that created gray through patterned application of red, green, and violet; unlike gray paint it would be perceived by human eyes in relation to differering "warm" or "cool" light conditions as a more adaptible gray. He incorporated elements of British "dazzle" patterns to eliminate sharp corners for the purposes of sighting.<br /><br />Even prior to the outbreak of the Great War Mackay created a camofleurs' school that inclulded the painter Thomas Casilear Cole, who eventually was assigned to the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair during 1918.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mackay, William A. (1876-1939)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1917-1918
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Cooper, Ken
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Lindell T. Bates, <em>The Science of Low Visibility and Deception, as an Aid to the Defense of Vessels Against Attacks by Submarines</em> (Submarine Defense Assocation, 1918): following p. 32.<br /><br />Courtesy of <span class="metaText">U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command</span>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg, 880 KB
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Lithograph
Camouflage
New Deal Gallery
painting
Thomas Casilear Cole
US DeKalb
US Navy
William A. Mackay
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https://openvalley.org/files/original/a3f187e0d6494059af53e7fb0d24bf74.jpg
ff93f980c1e93d7983fdb9fdb720c676
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as photograph, map, drawing, painting, etc., and any additional data
Photograph
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
USS DeKalb
Description
An account of the resource
Launched in 1904 as the <i>Prinz Eitel Friedrich</i> for a German cruise line, ship eventually was impounded by the U.S. during World War I, refitted as a troop transport ship, and re-launched as the <em>DeKalb </em>in 1917. After Armistice it was operated by an American cruise line between 1920-25 before getting scrapped in 1934.<br /><br />The photograph is of interest because it has been painted using the artist William A. Mackay's <a href="https://openvalley.org/items/show/924">"disruptive coloration" camouflage scheme.</a> It is shown here in the Philadelphia Navy Yard. New Deal Gallery artist Thomas Casilear Cole was one of Mackay's pupils and assigned to the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair during 1918. Such measures were critical due to German submarine attacks, for example a June 1918 convoy that included the <em>DeKalb</em>.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1918-02-18
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Cooper, Ken
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Item #NH 54662
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg, 956 KB
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Camouflage
New Deal Gallery
painting
Thomas Casilear Cole
US DeKalb
US Navy
William A. Mackay
World War I