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This engraving shows four views of the Onondaga Salt Company, located in Syracuse, NY. Due to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_industry_in_Syracuse,_New_York">an unusual geologic formation</a>, salt springs located near the south end of Onandaga Lake had been an object of interest from the beginning of European cultural contact--so much so, that the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784 had forced cession of these lands as the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation. Salt was a necessity in food preservation, and construction of the Erie Canal in 1825 meant that evaporated salt could be transported inexpensively. <br /><br />As of 1860, when this engraving was published, the scale of production had grown dramatically. We see the older "salt block" method, whereby wood- or coal-fired boilers heated banks of iron kettles 24 hours per day; and we see the newer "solar" evaporation vats. At this time three major salt operations in the Syracuse area were producing more than seven million bushels of salt every year, leading to the drilling of wells or (as is shown here) the pumping lake water into evaporation tanks. Salt operations at Syracuse declined after the Civil War with competition from western sources and rail transportation. <br /><br />The Onondaga salt formation had a toxic second life, however, with its mining for use in the Solvay manufacturing process of sodium carbonate--"soda ash" used in a variety of manufacturing processes. Waste products from the Solvay Process Company and later Allied Chemical, millions of tons every year, were deposited as "waste beds" in marshes alongside Onondaga Lake. Despite partial remediation they remain a toxic legacy.
J.H. French, <em>Gazetteer of the State of New York</em> (Ira J. Friedman, 1860): 480.<br /><br />Courtesy of Internet Archive
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var str = 'Warsaw, NY, 1885';
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var str = 'Bird\'s eye view looking northwest shows the rapidly growing town of 3,200 located along Oatka Creek. Founded in 1803 from the Holland Purchase tract, agriculture followed the clearing of timber and by the later 19th century the town\'s economy was a mix of farming, milling, manufactures, and (most recently) salt mining. Burleigh uses great ingenuity to depict five different salt mines on his panorama, located along the two main railroads passing through Warsaw.
Also notable are the town\'s three different different newspapers, an early gas works (founded in 1859), and a large union free school. ';
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L.R. Burleigh
Library of Congress Geography and Map Division <a href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3804w.pm006500">http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3804w.pm006500</a>
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Beck & Pauli';
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Phalen, W. C.
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var str = 'W.C. Phelan, \"Salt Resources of the United States,\" USGS Bulletin 669 (Washington: GPO, 1919)
USGS Publications Warehouse';
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var str = 'Even prior to opening of the Retsof Mine in 1880--which would become America\'s largest--the state of New York trailed only Michigan in production';
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Gannett, Henry (1846-1914)
Hewes, Fletcher W. (1838-1910)
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var str = '\"Scribner\'s Statistical Atlas of the United States, Showing by Graphic Methods Their Present Condition and Their Political, Social and Industrial Development\"
Library of Congress digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701gm.gct00009
';
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var str = 'Contemporary photo of American Rock Salt mining operation, Mount Morris, NY';
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var str = 'After the 1994 collapse of a salt mine in Retsof, NY, the company reorganized, purchased mineral rights, and today produces between 10,000-18,000 tons of road salt daily';
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Walters, Keith -- used by permission
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var str = 'A photo of the present day salt processing plant, owned by American Rock Salt company.';
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Edoderoo
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