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var str = 'Fort Niagara, from Fort George';
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var str = 'This site at the mouth of the Niagara River always has had a strategic importance: prior to European contact as the beginning of a portage around impassable rapids and falls; then as the French Fort Conti built in 1678; then as a reconstructed Fort Denonville in 1687. It was captured by the British in 1759 during the French and Indian War, then played a key role as a Tory staging base during the Revolutionary War. It was finally occupied by American troops in 1796.
Lossing\'s illustration depicts Fort Niagara during hostilities of the War of 1812. English forces captured it in 1813, relinquishing control following the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. Today, the location is a popular tourist attraction, where one of the most striking features is a \"French Castle\" built in 1720 as an administrative and trading post.';
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Lossing, Benson J[ohn] (1813-1891)
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var str = 'The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence (Harper & Brothers, 1868): 274.
Thomas Fisher Canadiana Collection, University of Toronto, via Internet Archive
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var str = 'Map of the Niagara Frontier';
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var str = 'Overview map of important settlements, forts, trails, and battles during the War of 1812 along the Niagara River. ';
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Lossing, Benson J[ohn] (1813-1891)
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var str = 'The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence (Harper & Brothers, 1868): 382.
Thomas Fisher Canadiana Collection, University of Toronto, via Internet Archive
';
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var str = 'Port of Buffalo in 1813';
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var str = 'During the War of 1812, the outpost of Buffalo, NY was scarcely populated but of geographically of strategic importance. As Benson J. Lossing writes in his history, “At the time we are considering that frontier was sparsely settled. Buffalo was a little scattered village of about one hundred houses and stores, and a military post of sufficient consequence to invite the torch of British incendiaries at the close of 1813, when all but two dwellings were laid in ashes. It was only about sixty years ago that the tiny seed was planted of that now immense mart of inland commerce, containing one hundred thousand inhabitants. Where now are long lines of wharves, with forests of masts and stately warehouses, was seen a sinuous creek, navigable for small vessels only, winding its way through marshy ground into the lake, its low banks fringed with trees and tangled shrubbery. In 1814 it was a desolation, and the harbor presented the appearance delineated in the engraving on the following page” (379).';
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Lossing, Benson J[ohn] (1813-1891)
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var str = 'The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence (Harper & Brothers, 1868): 380.
Thomas Fisher Canadiana Collection, University of Toronto, via Internet Archive
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var str = 'View from the Site of Vrooman\'s Battery';
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var str = 'Just prior to the War of 1812, British forces worked feverishly to control navigation of the Niagara River, posting batteries every mile along bluffs overlooking the gorge. The one pictured here was located close enough to the village of Lewiston that it was successful in harassing American forces during the war. The item shown here is described by Lossing: “The picture represents a view of the Niagara River and shores from Vrooman\'s Point. In the foreground are the remains of the battery. On the right is seen Queenston and the Heights, with Brock’s monument; on the left, Lewiston and its heights; and in the centre, Niagara River and the Lewiston Suspension Bridge. We are looking southward, up the Niagara River” (391).';
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Lossing, Benson J[ohn] (1813-1891)
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var str = 'The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence (Harper & Brothers, 1868): 391.
Thomas Fisher Canadiana Collection, University of Toronto, via Internet Archive
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var str = 'Entrance to the Niagara River';
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var str = 'The strategic importance of forts at the mouth of Niagara River is shown graphically here: during the War of 1812 it was extremely difficult for either British or American ships to make it past the cannons of (respectively) Fort Niagara or Fort George. Lossing\'s illustration shows the situation ahead of the Battle of Fort George in May 1813. His note reads: “This view is from a drawing made in 1813, previous to the attack on Fort George, and published in the Port Folio in July, 1817. On the extreme left is seen Fort Niagara, and at a greater distance, across the river, Fort George and the village of Newark. To the right of the light-house, over which is a flag, is seen the battery which the Julia and Growler controlled” (597).';
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Lossing, Benson J[ohn] (1813-1891)
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var str = 'The Pictorial Field-book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence (Harper & Brothers, 1868): 597.
Thomas Fisher Canadiana Collection, University of Toronto, via Internet Archive
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